Computer vision has changed more in the past decade than in the thirty years before it. ResNet made very deep neural networks trainable and set a new bar for image recognition. Mask R-CNN and DETR reshaped object detection and image segmentation. Swin Transformer brought transformers into mainstream vision. Latent diffusion models, the basis of Stable Diffusion, made high-quality image generation practical. Segment Anything and LLaVA-style models pushed the field toward general-purpose vision foundation models and multimodal AI. Keeping up is hard: CVPR alone now accepts thousands of papers a year. This reading list is a starting point: 100 of the most influential computer vision and deep learning papers from 2016 to 2025, the work the research community has cited and built on most.

How the papers were selected

The papers were selected by citation count from the three flagship computer vision conferences: CVPR, ICCV, and ECCV. For each year from 2016 to 2025, we took the ten most-cited papers across that year's conferences. Selecting by year keeps recent work from being crowded out by older papers that have simply had more time to collect citations. Each year's pool is CVPR plus either ICCV (held in odd years) or ECCV (held in even years). Our ECCV data begins in 2018, so the 2016 picks come from CVPR only.

The list is ordered newest year first. Read from the bottom up, it doubles as a short history of how the field moved:

• convolutional neural networks (CNNs), object detection, and segmentation
• GANs and self-supervised learning
• vision transformers
• neural rendering with NeRF and Gaussian splatting, and diffusion models
• today's multimodal reasoning models

A note on scope: this list reflects our selection criteria, not a definitive list of the best computer vision papers. There may well be better or more important papers elsewhere. Several landmark vision papers appeared at machine learning venues rather than vision conferences, including the Vision Transformer (ViT) at ICLR and CLIP at ICML. Others were published in journals such as TPAMI and IJCV, or exist only on arXiv. Citation counts also favor popular topics and lag behind the newest work. Treat the list as a well-grounded map of the field rather than the final word. For the full year-by-year lists, see the Most Influential CVPR, ICCV, and ECCV papers pages. Lists for other venues are on the Best Paper Digest page.

Keeping up beyond this list

If you work across fields, the companion lists follow the same method: 100 must-read natural language processing papers of the past 10 years (ACL, EMNLP, NAACL) and 100 must-read machine learning papers of the past 10 years (NeurIPS, ICML, ICLR).

A citation-based list looks backward. It tells you what mattered, not what is emerging this month. Every paper on Paper Digest links to related papers, patents, grants, and experts, so you can explore the research around any of the work below. You can also run a literature review on a specific topic. If you would like new computer vision and multimodal AI papers matched to your interests each morning, you can sign up and set up a daily digest.