Clinical Outcomes and Healthcare Cost and Resource Utilization (HCRU) in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease on 2nd Line Empagliflozin Versus 2nd Line Sulfonylureas

• empagliflozin (Drug): empagliflozin
• metformin (Drug): metformin
• sulfonylurea (Drug): sulfonylurea

Primary outcomes

• Occurrence of first hospitalization for congestive heart failure (HHF) [up to 5 years and 3 months]

Secondary outcomes

• Hospitalizations [up to 5 years and 3 months]
• Emergency department (ED) visits [up to 5 years and 3 months]
• Length of stay [up to 5 years and 3 months]
• Number of filled drugs [up to 5 years and 3 months]
• Outpatient visits [up to 5 years and 3 months]
• All cause cost [up to 5 years and 3 months]: total cost of care, divided by medical (inpatient costs, outpatient costs, emergency costs) and pharmacy costs (all reported in Per Patient Per Month (PPPM) costs)

Sex: All, ages: 18 Years to any

Inclusion criteria:

* Prevalent metformin use + initiation of empagliflozin OR prevalent metformin use + initiation of sulfonylurea
* ≥18 years of age at index date during study observation
* ≥1 inpatient and/or ≥ 2 outpatient claims denoting T2D diagnosis (in any position) in the 12 months prior to index date
* ≥1 inpatient and/or ≥2 outpatient claims denoting CVD (in any position) diagnosis in the 12 months prior to index date
* ≥2 months post-index date
* ≥12 months of no exposure to T2D medications in the pre-index period (excluding metformin in both arms)
* ≥12 months of continuous enrolment prior to index date

Exclusion criteria:

* Diagnosis of Type 1 Diabetes, secondary, or gestational diabetes in the 12 months prior to index date
* Diagnosis of severe comorbidities including malignancy, end-stage renal disease, human immunodeficiency virus, Hepatitis C infection, or organ transplant in the 12 months prior to index date
* Admission to nursing home in the 12 months prior to index date