Physiology Papers of the Week

In this study, we identify a microbial-immune-epithelial feedback mechanism that integrates environmental information into stem cell regulation in mice.

Herein, we constructed photosynthesis-empowered cross-kingdom chimeric stem cells (PCSs; "mitochondrial battery") by introducing plant-derived thylakoid-based artificial nuclei plus -encoding messenger RNA (mRNA) into enucleated bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.

Creatine monohydrate (CrM) supplementation has established benefits in exercising populations; however, its efficacy during disuse and subsequent rehabilitation remains unclear. This systematic review assessed the effects of CrM supplementation on muscle size, lean mass and muscle performance (strength, power, endurance) during periods of disuse and rehabilitation.

We introduce cutting-edge single-cell epigenomic mapping technologies, their bone tissue-specific adaptations, and analytical frameworks for multi-omics data integration.

Here we demonstrate that maternal age in regulates progeny avoidance of the social pheromone by modulating the activity of a defined sensory circuit.

Adult-onset type 1 diabetes exhibits substantial heterogeneity. We aimed to investigate whether this variability reflects distinct disease entities or different temporal stages of a shared autoimmune process.

Macrophages orchestrate the balance between bone resorption and formation primarily through their M1/M2 polarization states, with M1 macrophages promoting resorption and M2 macrophages supporting formation. This review comprehensively describes how key lipid metabolic pathways, such as fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and cholesterol metabolism, govern this polarization and subsequent bone remodeling.

In C. elegans, Zg I extended lifespan, improved locomotor and physiological fitness, reduced age-associated biomarkers, and enhanced oxidative stress resistance.

Our study reveals a mechanistic link between Th2 inflammation and SG ferroptosis via IL-4-TRIM15-GPX4-ubiquitination signaling, thus offering new insights into SG dysfunction and skin barrier impairment in AD.

However, its physiological roles beyond enzymatic suppression in the nucleus remain poorly understood. Here, we present a genome-wide map of cGAS chromatin localization in human cells and unexpectedly find its binding beyond nucleosome tethering, where cGAS is recruited to chromatin by AP-1 transcription factors via a potentially previously uncharacterized transactivation domain.

Here, we employed an integrated multi-omics approach in a spared nerve injury (SNI) rat model to investigate the gut-metabolite-brain mechanisms underlying EA's efficacy.

Mounting evidence identifies mitochondrial dysfunction as a central contributor to neuronal damage and progressive brain functional decline. As a narrative review, this work aims to dissect mitochondrial‑associated pathological features across these major neurodegenerative disorders, summarize under‑recognized emerging mechanisms, and highlight translational bottlenecks for mitochondrial‑targeted therapies.

We identified ALDOA as a prominent lactylation target in hypoxic pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells, with K42 lactylation consistently elevated in primary pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells derived from PH rodent models and human PH tissues.

Here, we show that senescent cells increase import and membrane levels of multiple polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), but a specific intermediate PUFA, dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA, 20:3ω-6), is reduced.

Here, we show that cytosolic Ca is sensed by host cells as an immediate-early danger signal.

Here, we map the age-dependent structural landscape of Orb2 amyloid, a synaptic translation regulator required for long-term memory, across the adult lifespan of Drosophila melanogaster.

In this study, we explore how NRF2 modulates stress granule dynamics under oxidative and non-oxidative stress conditions.

We sought to characterise its course and determinants of complications and mortality. In this international, multicentre, retrospective, cohort study, 49 high-volume endocrine referral centres across Asia, Europe, North America, South America, and New Zealand identified consecutive eligible patients.