Effects of Mobilization and Caffeine After Cesarean

In the intervention group, the goal is to initiate bowel motility by mobilizing women early in the post-cesarean period. This increased bowel motility will facilitate gas expulsion, thus minimizing pain levels. Caffeine consumption will help keep pain levels at a minimum. By minimizing pain, women will experience positive psychological well-being.

• caffeine consumption (Dietary supplement): The women in the intervention group will be mobilised at the 4-hour mark. The intervention group will be given caffeinated Turkish coffee at 6-hour intervals.
• Decaffeinated coffee (Dietary supplement): The women in the control group will be mobilised at the 6-hour mark. The control group will be given decaffeinated Turkish coffee at 6-hour intervals.

Primary outcomes

• Change in postoperative pain after caesarean section within 24 hours from baseline [Starting point, after intervention at 6 hours, 12 hours, 18 hours and 24 hours]: Pain will be assessed using a 10 cm visual analogue scale. '0' means no pain, while '10' means unbearable pain. The assessment will be carried out at the start of the study, at 6-hour intervals, and at the end.
• Change in postoperative Bowel Motility after caesarean section within 24 hours from baseline [Starting point, after intervention at 6 hours, 12 hours, 18 hours and 24 hours]: Bowel motility will be assessed using BFI. The Bowel Function Index (BFI) is a short and practical measure used to assess constipation, particularly in patients using opioids. It consists of three questions, each scored on a scale of 0 to 100. These scores are used to measure the degree of bowel dysfunction.
• Change in postoperative Psychological Well-being after caesarean section within 24 hours from baseline [Starting point, after intervention at 6 hours, 12 hours, 18 hours and 24 hours]: Psychological Well-being will be assessed using Psychological Well-Being Scale. Based on the score obtained: 1.00-2.99 → Low psychological resilience, 3.00-4.30 → Moderate level, 4.31-5.00 → High psychological resilience.

Sex: Female, ages: 18 Years to 35 Years, accepts healthy volunteers

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Being between 18 and 35 years of age,
2. Women who underwent cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia,
3. Having a post-cesarean pain level of 4 or higher,
4. Being able to understand and write Turkish and communicate effectively with researchers.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Women who underwent emergency cesarean delivery,
2. Those with pregnancy complications (preeclampsia, placenta previa, etc.),
3. Those with a history of chronic gastrointestinal disease (e.g., irritable bowel syndrome, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis),
4. Those with sensitivity or allergy to caffeine,
5. Those with a history of chronic pain syndrome or dependence on analgesics,
6. Regular coffee drinkers (≥2 cups per day),
7. Intraoperative complications such as bowel or bladder injury,

i) Those who cannot comply with the study protocol or complete the follow-up process.

Removal Criteria:

1. Participants are excluded from the study under the following conditions:
2. During surgery If complications occur (e.g., bladder or bowel injury, excessive bleeding),
3. Postoperative complications requiring admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) for the mother or newborn,
4. Development of severe postoperative nausea, vomiting, or intolerance to oral intake,
5. Inability to consume or refusal to consume coffee according to the study protocol,
6. Withdrawal of consent by the participant at any point during the study,
7. Failure to comply with surgical procedures or loss of follow-up,
8. Development of medical conditions during follow-up that may affect study results (e.g., acute infections, neurological disorders).