Investigating How the RECT Impacts Brain Functional States Through the ACC-cerebellar Loop

• Left cerebellar TMS stimulation combined with the RECT task (Other), also known as RECT task, TMS: The first group will receive left cerebellar single-pulse TMS stimulation combined with the RECT task. RECT refers to rostral anterior cingulate cortexr (rACC)-engaging cognitive task. The theoretical basis of this task is that when subjects are in a state of focused attention, the power of theta neural oscillations in the midline of their frontal lobe will increase. By considering the features of post-stroke depression, this study combines the emotional recognition task with the RECT task. During each trial, individuals will view 4 faces consecutively, each displaying a different expression, and they will be required to memorize the sequence of expressions. Emoticons consist of joy, sorrow, and rage. After displaying four facial expressions, a brief text flowchart will appear. Participants need to check if the sequence reflected in the flowchart matches the order in which the four facial expressions appeared. If they match, click the left mouse button; if they do not match, click the
• Right cerebellar TMS stimulation combined with the RECT task (Other), also known as RECT task, TMS: Right cerebellar single-pulse TMS stimulation combined with the RECT task
• Midline cerebellar TMS stimulation combined with the RECT task (Other), also known as RECT task, TMS: Midline cerebellar single-pulse TMS stimulation combined with the RECT task
• Sham cerebellar TMS stimulation combined with the RECT task (Other), also known as RECT task: Sham cerebellar single-pulse TMS stimulation combined with the RECT task, The TMS coil was placed at the cerebellar site but tilted 90° to prevent effective magnetic field penetration.
• The best stimulation protocol combined with left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex iTBS (Other), also known as left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex iTBS, RECT task, TMS: The optimal stimulation protocol determined in Experiment 1 combined with stimulation of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.
• Left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex iTBS stimulation, as well as sham TMS stimulation and sham RECT task. (Other), also known as left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex iTBS: Subjects in the group underwent left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex iTBS stimulation, in addition to receiving sham TMS stimulation and participating in a sham RECT task. The sham RECT task involves having participants watch a continuous scroll of faces without needing to react.
• Sham left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex iTBS stimulation, sham cerebellar TMS stimulation, and sham RECT task. (Other): The participants in this group received sham left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex iTBS stimulation, sham cerebellar TMS stimulation, and sham RECT task.

Primary outcomes

• Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale，MADRS [Day1]: This scale will be the primary outcome measure for Experiment 2. Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale，MADRS: Extreme depression: MADRS >35; Major depression: MADRS >30; Moderate depression: MADRS >22; Mild depression: MADRS >12; Remission stage: MADRS <12.
• Electroencephalogram [Day 1]: EEG will be the main outcome measures for Experiment 1 and Experiment 2. EEG power in the delta, theta, alpha, beta band: the power spectral density (PSD) in unit\^2/Hz Functional connectivity---Phase locking value (PLV): The value of PLV ranges from 0 to 1 Event related potentials in amplitude/μV

Secondary outcomes

• Mini-mental state examination,MMSE [Day 1]: Mini-mental state examination,MMSE: A score of 27-30: normal; Score < 27: cognitive impairment.
• Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA [Day 1]: Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA: The total score of the scale is 30 points, and the test result shows that the normal value is ≥26 points.
• Hamilton Depression Scale，HAMD [Day 1]: Hamilton Depression Scale，HAMD: A total score of more than 35 May indicate severe depression.
• Hamilton Anxiety Scale，HAMA [Day 1]: Hamilton Anxiety Scale，HAMA: The total score ≥29, may be severe anxiety; ≥21 points, there must be obvious anxiety; ≥14 points, definitely have anxiety; More than 7 points, may have anxiety; If the score is less than 7, there is no anxiety symptom
• Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology Self-Report, QIDS-SR16 [Day 1]: Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology Self-Report, QIDS-SR16: The total score is calculated on a scale of 0 to 27, with higher scores being associated with higher levels of depression.
• Response time [Day 1]: Recording their response times in seconds: The average reaction time of subjects in the facial expression recognition task to judge each facial expression picture.
• Accuracy rates [Day 1]: Recording their accuracy rates in % during the task: The average correct rate at which subjects judged each expression picture in the facial expression recognition task.

Sex: All, ages: 18 Years to 85 Years, accepts healthy volunteers

Inclusion Criteria:

* Onset of stroke <6 months ago, or >6 months since the last stroke event;
* Age >=18 years and <85 years (as the probability of Vascular Cognitive Impairment increases above 85);
* Patients with damage in the middle cerebral artery territory;
* NIHSS >4 and <26;
* mRS score >=2;
* Completion of CT or MRI;
* No neurological or psychiatric disorders; no impairment of consciousness; able to comply with relevant treatments; no severe cognitive dysfunction (MMSE >=15);
* All participants are right-handed; Sign the informed consent form.

Exclusion Criteria:

* History of epilepsy or psychiatric disorders (including depression, anxiety, or schizophrenia);
* Severe comorbidities;
* History of medication use: benzodiazepines, baclofen, antidepressants;
* Non-compliance with the treatment plan;
* Acute-phase cerebral hemorrhage, acute infectious diseases;
* Severe suicidal tendencies in individuals with depression;
* Individuals suffering from severe headaches, high blood pressure, malignant tumors, open wounds, vascular embolism, leukopenia, etc.;
* Severe alcohol abuse;
* History of cranial surgery, individuals with metal implants in the brain;
* Individuals with an implanted cardiac pacemaker;
* NIHSS >26, MMSE <15;
* Any disease likely to prevent the patient from surviving more than one month;
* Pregnant individuals.