Ursodeoxycholic Acid (UDCA) as a Neuroprotective Adjuvant Treatment to Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment Surgery

• Ursolvan (Drug): single dose of Ursolvan® (10mg/kg) orally within 24 hours before the surgical intervention, followed by a daily dose of 10mg/kg in two divided doses for 30 days.
• Placebo (Drug): Patients will receive a single dose of placebo orally within 24 hours before the surgical intervention, followed by two doses per day for 30 days

Primary outcomes

• Difference in visual recovery (difference between preoperative and postoperative visual acuity) at 3 months postoperative (after a successful reapplication procedure) of at least 6 letters (ETDRS scale) between the two groups (treatment and placebo) [3 months]: Difference in visual recovery (difference between preoperative and postoperative visual acuity) at 3 months postoperative (after a successful reapplication procedure) of at least 6 letters (Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS scale) between the two groups (treatment and placebo). The minimum and maximums valus : Minimum value is 6/95 equivalent in ETDRS letter score read at 4 m = 55. Maximum value is 6/6 equivalement in ETDRS letter score read at 4 m= 115. Higher score mean better ourcome

Secondary outcomes

• Central Nervous Epithelium (CNE) thickness [1, 3, and 6 months]: Central Nervous Epithelium (CNE) thickness, measured by SD-OCT (Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography), within the central 1mm compared to the contralateral eye in the treated group versus the placebo group (measurement adjusted to the contralateral eye to account for interindividual variability) at 1, 3, and 6 months.
• Automated microperimetry at 1, 3, and 6 months: Macular sensitivity difference between the two groups. [1, 3, and 6 months]: Automated microperimetry at 1, 3, and 6 months: Macular sensitivity difference between the two groups.
• Contrast sensitivity measurement using the Clinic CSF2.0 application. [Day 7, Day 30, Day 60, Day 60, Day 90 and Day 180]: Contrast sensitivity measurement using the Clinic CSF2.012 application (Contrast sensitivity function 2.0 application).
• Presence/absence of abnormal signs on optical coherence tomography (OCT) images (cysts, folds, membrane, ellipsoid zone, external limiting membrane). [1, 3 and 6 months]: Presence/absence of abnormal signs on optical coherence tomography (OCT) images (cysts, folds, membrane, ellipsoid zone, external limiting membrane).
• Retinal thickness measured by OCT (retinal layers and presence of cysts, layer segmentation and measurement in the central 1 and 3 mm in ETDRS quadrants). [1, 3 and 6 months]: Retinal thickness measured by OCT (retinal layers and presence of cysts, layer segmentation and measurement in the central 1 and 3 mm in ETDRS quadrants).
• Number of macular cones and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells measured by Adaptive Optics at 1, 3, and 6 months with the "Cellularis" device that allows visualization of cones and RPE. [1, 3 and 6 months]: Number of macular cones and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells measured by Adaptive Optics at 1, 3, and 6 months with the "Cellularis" device that allows visualization of cones and RPE.
• Blood test: liver parameters - AST (SGOT), ALT (SGPT), PAL, and γ-GT. [Day 7 and Day 30]: Blood test: liver parameters - AST (SGOT), ALT (SGPT), PAL, and γ-GT.
• Evolution of the best visual acuity measured at Day 0, Day 7, Day 30, Day 60, Day 90, and Day 180: Difference between the treated and placebo groups in the progression curves of visual acuity. [Day 7 and Day 30]: Evolution of the best visual acuity measured at Day 0, Day 7, Day 30, Day 60, Day 90, and Day 180: Difference between the treated and placebo groups in the progression curves of visual acuity.
• Presence of metamorphopsia. [1, 3 and 6 months]: Presence of metamorphopsia.
• Tolerance and occurrence of adverse events. [1, 3 and 6 months]: Tolerance and occurrence of adverse events.
• National Eye Institute Visual Functioning Questionnaire-25 (NEIVFQ-25) quality of life questionnaire before surgery, at ±7 days postoperative, and at 3 months postoperative. [1, 3 and 6 months]: National Eye Institute Visual Functioning Questionnaire-25 (NEIVFQ-25) quality of life questionnaire before surgery, at ±7 days postoperative, and at 3 months postoperative.
• Correlation between protein levels, bile acids, or other molecular markers in ocular and/or blood fluids and functional and anatomical ocular parameters pre- and post-operatively at different observation times. [1 month]: Correlation between protein levels, bile acids, or other molecular markers in ocular and/or blood fluids and functional and anatomical ocular parameters pre- and post-operatively at different observation times.
• Correlation between the effective duration of treatment and functional and anatomical outcomes at different observation times. [6 months]: Correlation between the effective duration of treatment and functional and anatomical outcomes at different observation times.

Sex: All, ages: 18 Years to any

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Aged 18 years or older,
2. Scheduled to undergo surgical intervention through vitrectomy,
3. Aphakic or pseudophakic patients,
4. Experiencing rhegmatogenous retinal detachment affecting 2 quadrants or more,
5. Presenting with macula OFF (raised macula) for 7 days or less before the onset of symptoms,
6. Has signed a consent form,
7. Affiliated with a health insurance plan.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Patients who have previously undergone vitrectomy for retinal detachment,
2. Patients with vitreous hemorrhage or any other associated retinal pathologies,
3. Monophthalmic patients,
4. Women of childbearing age without effective contraceptive methods,
5. Pregnant or lactating women,
6. Hypersensitivity to the active substance, bile acids, or any of the excipients in Ursolvan® (see §6.1.1 of this protocol),
7. Patients with peptic ulcers, acute or chronic liver disease, acute infection or inflammation of the gallbladder or bile ducts, recurrent gallstones, or obstruction of the bile ducts (common bile duct or cystic duct obstruction),
8. Patients with radiopaque calcified gallstones,
9. Patients with severe pancreatic disorders,
10. Patients with Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, or other intestinal diseases that may alter the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids,
11. Patients on oral treatment with cholestyramine, colestipol, antacids containing aluminum or magnesium hydroxide and/or smectite (aluminum oxide), cyclosporine, ciprofloxacin, nitrendipine, or dapsone,
12. Patients with galactose intolerance, Lapp lactase deficiency, or glucose and galactose malabsorption syndrome (rare hereditary diseases),
13. Patients participating or in the exclusion period following an interventional research with the use of prohibited medications in this study,
14. Patients under protective custody.