Cognitive Exercise Therapy Approach Biopsychosocial Questionnaire (BETY-BQ) in Patient with Temporomandibular Disorders

Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (Depression), Patient Health Questionnaire-15 (Physical Symptoms), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (Anxiety), Short Form-36 (Quality of Life), Craniomandibular Pain and Disability Inventory (Disability), and Mandibular Function Impairment Questionnaire (Function) will be administered to participants. For reliability analysis, test-retest stability evaluations will be repeated with the same questionnaire on 30 individuals with a 2-week interval. To determine responsiveness, the same questionnaire will be reapplied to the same 30 individuals at 3-month intervals.

• Validity and reliability analyses (Other): Validity and reliability analyses will be performed using Cognitive Exercise Therapy Approach Biopsychosocial Questionnaire, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Patient Health Questionnaire-15, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, Short Form-36, Craniomandibular Pain and Disability Inventory, and Mandibular Function Impairment Questionnaire.

Primary outcomes

• Validity of BETY-BQ in measuring depression [Baseline]: Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Minimum and maximum values are 0 and 3 points, respectively. Higher scores mean a worse outcome.
• Validity of BETY-BQ in measuring physical symptoms [Baseline]: Patient Health Questionnaire-15. Minimum and maximum values are 0 and 2 points, respectively. Higher scores mean a worse outcome.
• Validity of BETY-BQ in measuring anxiety [Baseline]: Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7. Minimum and maximum values are 0 and 3 points, respectively. Higher scores mean a worse outcome.
• Validity of BETY-BQ in measuring quality of life [Baseline]: Short Form-36. It is a 36-item valid and reliable evaluation with eight areas covering physical functioning, role limitations brought on by physical issues, bodily pain, general health perceptions, vitality, social functioning, role limitations brought on by emotional issues, and perceived mental health. The SF-36 also contains a single question called "health transition" that measures how respondents feel their over health status has changed over the course of a year.
• Validity of BETY-BQ in measuring disability [Baseline]: Craniomandibular Pain and Disability Inventory. Minimum and maximum values are 0 and 3 points, respectively. Higher scores mean a worse outcome.
• Validity of BETY-BQ in measuring function [Baseline]: Mandibular Function Impairment Questionnaire. Minimum and maximum values are 0 and 4 points, respectively. Higher scores mean a worse outcome.
• Test-retest stability of BETY-BQ [From baseline to 2nd week]: The Cognitive Exercise Therapy Approach Biopsychosocial Questionnaire will be repeated on 30 individuals with a 2-week interval.
• Internal consistency of BETY-BQ [Baseline]: Cognitive Exercise Therapy Approach Biopsychosocial Questionnaire. Minimum and maximum values are 0 and 4 points, respectively. Higher scores mean a worse outcome.

Sex: All, ages: 18 Years to 64 Years

Inclusion Criteria:

* Having received a diagnosis of temporomandibular disorder

Exclusion Criteria:

* Experiencing difficulty in cooperating to fill out the questionnaires
* Being unwilling to participate in the study

• Harun Gençosmanoğlu, PT, MSc, Principal investigator, Karabük University