Preoperative Carbohydrate Loading for Enhancing Recovery After Radical Cystectomy

Many anaesthesiology societies now recommend intake of clear fluids (water, tea or coffee without milk, juices without pulp) up to two hours before induction of anaesthesia for most patients undergoing elective surgery. This change the traditional practice of overnight fasting, while reducing thirst in the hours before surgery and seems to attenuate the response to the stress that results from a major operation, such as activation of endocrine and inflammatory systems which leads to tissue catabolism and insulin resistance. Among all the complications, one of the most frequent in patients undergoing mayor surgeries is undoubtedly paralytic ileus. The Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) guidelines emphasize the importance of preventing this event. To prevent ileus, prokinetic agents such as metoclopramide are used, which although it has not been shown to shorten the period until the first flatulence or the first peristaltic movement, decrease nausea and vomiting. Chewing gum is another measure that is carried out, since it stimulates peristalsis and this measure if it had significant effects in time until first flatulence and in time until first peristaltic movement. In recent years there has been a great change in the perioperative management of patients who will undergo a radical cystectomy. The weight of traditional perioperative care has been an important barrier to the implementation of Fast Track (FT) protocols, since it is difficult to change a therapeutic strategy that has been carried out for decades. The positive results obtained in colorectal surgery led to Fast Track being implemented in other types of surgery similar to colorectal surgery such as radical cystectomy. Although there is apparently widespread enthusiasm for the implementation of Fast Track protocols, evidence of the use of this type of protocols in cystectomy is not robust, numerous studies claim that there is a big difference between the application of FT and the application of traditional measures in terms of length of hospital stay or complications. Because of this, more large-volume randomized experimental studies of patients are needed. This randomized double blind placebo-controlled trial of preoperative oral carbohydrate (CHO) treatment in patients undergoing elective radical cystectomy will investigate whether this treatment reduced the time of return of intestinal function. Secondary outcomes will be the incidence of infection of surgical wounds, the incidence of postoperative complications, the length of hospital stay and early postoperative fatigue in the three groups of patients undergoing this type of surgery.

• Maltodextrin 12.5% (Dietary supplement): Preoperative Maltodextrin 12.5%
• Water (Other): Preoperative water

Primary outcomes

• Insulin resistance [1 Day of surgery]: Determinate the insulin resistance measured by the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) index.

Secondary outcomes

• To determine the recovery time of intestinal activity by measuring time to first bowel movement. [1 week]: Bowel movement
• To compare and determine whether there are differences between the incidence of infection of surgical wounds, the incidence of postoperative complications and the length of hospital stay in the three groups of patients undergoing this type of surgery. [Up to 30 days]: Complications
• Insulin resistance [Postoperative day #1]: Determinate the insulin resistance measured by the homeostatic model assessment

Sex: All, ages: 18 Years to any

Inclusion Criteria:

* Written informed consent.
* Patients older than 18 years old proposed for radical cystectomy.

Exclusion Criteria:

* American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification grade: IV
* Renal failure (creatinine levels above 3 mg/dL or dialysis)
* Liver failure (Child-Pugh B or higher)
* Gastroesophageal reflux disease.
* Gastrointestinal obstruction.
* Ongoing treatment with corticosteroids.
* Previous infections within the last 3 months.

• Clara Rosso, PhD, Study chair, Fundación Pública Andaluza para la gestión de la Investigación en Sevilla