Comparison of Therapeutic Strategies With Cholinesterase Inhibitors (SOS TRIAL)

• cholinesterase inhibitors (CI) (donepezil, galantamine or rivastigmine) (Drug): The choice of the treatment will be done by the specialist according to his habits; the specialist will monitor the treatment as usual. All the recruited patients will be treated by CI according to the recommendations of the French HAS and the clinician's habits to choose the type of CI and adjust the dosage. After a 6-month period under CI treatment, patients will be classified according to the evolution of the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) as "non-responders" or responders. Responders patients will continue their treatment according to the habits of the clinician. Non-responder patients will be included in the RCT, with individual randomization in two groups: one group who stops the CI, one group who continues the CI. All randomized patients will then be followed-up for two years with regular assessment of judgment criteria every 6 months.

Primary outcomes

• The primary outcome is a combination of complete BADL dependency in bathing and dressing and/or institutionalization or death at 2 years after randomization. [at 30 months after patient's inclusion]: Institutionalization with date of entry will be assessed by specialist at each follow-up time every 6 months. For patients not coming to the memory consultation, caregiver (formal and/or informal) and/or the general practitioner will be systematically contacted to obtain the information. Death and date of death will be assessed by contacting proxy or general practitioner. In case of lack of information the birth City Hall will be contacted to assess the vital status. For dependency in bathing and dressing, although it could be considered as less objective, we choose a level of total dependency, easy to assess with very low risk of misinterpretation.

Secondary outcomes

• BADL dependency will be evaluated by the clinician using the BADL scale from Katz [17]. [at inclusion]: Each of the components of the combined primary outcome, as defined above, analyzed separately. As previously demonstrated, bathing and dressing are the first ADL losses, also defined by Katz et al. as the thresholds of disability \[17\] \[18\]. A total limitation in bathing and dressing will be considered (each item is coded from 0 - no limitation, to 2 - total limitation).
• BADL dependency will be evaluated by the clinician using the BADL scale from Katz [17]. [at 6 months]: Each of the components of the combined primary outcome, as defined above, analyzed separately. As previously demonstrated, bathing and dressing are the first ADL losses, also defined by Katz et al. as the thresholds of disability \[17\] \[18\]. A total limitation in bathing and dressing will be considered (each item is coded from 0 - no limitation, to 2 - total limitation).
• BADL dependency will be evaluated by the clinician using the BADL scale from Katz [17]. [at 12 months]: Each of the components of the combined primary outcome, as defined above, analyzed separately As previously demonstrated, bathing and dressing are the first ADL losses, also defined by Katz et al. as the thresholds of disability \[17\] \[18\]. A total limitation in bathing and dressing will be considered (each item is coded from 0 - no limitation, to 2 - total limitation).
• BADL dependency will be evaluated by the clinician using the BADL scale from Katz [17]. [at 18 months]: Each of the components of the combined primary outcome, as defined above, analyzed separately As previously demonstrated, bathing and dressing are the first ADL losses, also defined by Katz et al. as the thresholds of disability \[17\] \[18\]. A total limitation in bathing and dressing will be considered (each item is coded from 0 - no limitation, to 2 - total limitation).
• BADL dependency will be evaluated by the clinician using the BADL scale from Katz [17]. [at 24 months]: Each of the components of the combined primary outcome, as defined above, analyzed separately As previously demonstrated, bathing and dressing are the first ADL losses, also defined by Katz et al. as the thresholds of disability \[17\] \[18\]. A total limitation in bathing and dressing will be considered (each item is coded from 0 - no limitation, to 2 - total limitation).
• BADL dependency will be evaluated by the clinician using the BADL scale from Katz [17]. [at 30 months]: Each of the components of the combined primary outcome, as defined above, analyzed separately As previously demonstrated, bathing and dressing are the first ADL losses, also defined by Katz et al. as the thresholds of disability \[17\] \[18\]. A total limitation in bathing and dressing will be considered (each item is coded from 0 - no limitation, to 2 - total limitation).
• Combination of complete BADL dependency in bathing and dressing and/or institutionalization or death [at inclusion]: Institutionalization with date of entry will be assessed by specialist at each follow-up time every 6 months. For patients not coming to the memory consultation, caregiver (formal and/or informal) and/or the general practitioner will be systematically contacted to obtain the information. Death and date of death will be assessed by contacting proxy or general practitioner. In case of lack of information the birth City Hall will be contacted to assess the vital status. For dependency in bathing and dressing, although it could be considered as less objective, we choose a level of total dependency, easy to assess with very low risk of misinterpretation.
• Combination of complete BADL dependency in bathing and dressing and/or institutionalization or death [at 6 months]: Institutionalization with date of entry will be assessed by specialist at each follow-up time every 6 months. For patients not coming to the memory consultation, caregiver (formal and/or informal) and/or the general practitioner will be systematically contacted to obtain the information. Death and date of death will be assessed by contacting proxy or general practitioner. In case of lack of information the birth City Hall will be contacted to assess the vital status. For dependency in bathing and dressing, although it could be considered as less objective, we choose a level of total dependency, easy to assess with very low risk of misinterpretation.
• Combination of complete BADL dependency in bathing and dressing and/or institutionalization or death [at 12 months]: Institutionalization with date of entry will be assessed by specialist at each follow-up time every 6 months. For patients not coming to the memory consultation, caregiver (formal and/or informal) and/or the general practitioner will be systematically contacted to obtain the information. Death and date of death will be assessed by contacting proxy or general practitioner. In case of lack of information the birth City Hall will be contacted to assess the vital status. For dependency in bathing and dressing, although it could be considered as less objective, we choose a level of total dependency, easy to assess with very low risk of misinterpretation.
• Combination of complete BADL dependency in bathing and dressing and/or institutionalization or death [at 18 months]: Institutionalization with date of entry will be assessed by specialist at each follow-up time every 6 months. For patients not coming to the memory consultation, caregiver (formal and/or informal) and/or the general practitioner will be systematically contacted to obtain the information. Death and date of death will be assessed by contacting proxy or general practitioner. In case of lack of information the birth City Hall will be contacted to assess the vital status. For dependency in bathing and dressing, although it could be considered as less objective, we choose a level of total dependency, easy to assess with very low risk of misinterpretation.
• Combination of complete BADL dependency in bathing and dressing and/or institutionalization or death [at 24 months]: Institutionalization with date of entry will be assessed by specialist at each follow-up time every 6 months. For patients not coming to the memory consultation, caregiver (formal and/or informal) and/or the general practitioner will be systematically contacted to obtain the information. Death and date of death will be assessed by contacting proxy or general practitioner. In case of lack of information the birth City Hall will be contacted to assess the vital status. For dependency in bathing and dressing, although it could be considered as less objective, we choose a level of total dependency, easy to assess with very low risk of misinterpretation.
• Combination of complete BADL dependency in bathing and dressing and/or institutionalization or death [at 30 months]: Institutionalization with date of entry will be assessed by specialist at each follow-up time every 6 months. For patients not coming to the memory consultation, caregiver (formal and/or informal) and/or the general practitioner will be systematically contacted to obtain the information. Death and date of death will be assessed by contacting proxy or general practitioner. In case of lack of information the birth City Hall will be contacted to assess the vital status. For dependency in bathing and dressing, although it could be considered as less objective, we choose a level of total dependency, easy to assess with very low risk of misinterpretation.
• Institutionalization with date of entry [at inclusion]: Institutionalization with date of entry will be assessed by specialist at each follow-up time every 6 months. For patients not coming to the memory consultation, caregiver (formal and/or informal) and/or the general practitioner will be systematically contacted to obtain the information.
• Institutionalization with date of entry [at 6 months]: Institutionalization with date of entry will be assessed by specialist at each follow-up time every 6 months. For patients not coming to the memory consultation, caregiver (formal and/or informal) and/or the general practitioner will be systematically contacted to obtain the information.
• Institutionalization with date of entry [at 12 months]: Institutionalization with date of entry will be assessed by specialist at each follow-up time every 6 months. For patients not coming to the memory consultation, caregiver (formal and/or informal) and/or the general practitioner will be systematically contacted to obtain the information.
• Institutionalization with date of entry [at 18 months]: Institutionalization with date of entry will be assessed by specialist at each follow-up time every 6 months. For patients not coming to the memory consultation, caregiver (formal and/or informal) and/or the general practitioner will be systematically contacted to obtain the information.
• Institutionalization with date of entry [at 24 months]: Institutionalization with date of entry will be assessed by specialist at each follow-up time every 6 months. For patients not coming to the memory consultation, caregiver (formal and/or informal) and/or the general practitioner will be systematically contacted to obtain the information.
• Institutionalization with date of entry [at 30 months]: Institutionalization with date of entry will be assessed by specialist at each follow-up time every 6 months. For patients not coming to the memory consultation, caregiver (formal and/or informal) and/or the general practitioner will be systematically contacted to obtain the information.
• Death and date of death [at inclusion]: Death and date of death will be assessed by contacting proxy or general practitioner. In case of lack of information the birth City Hall will be contacted to assess the vital status.
• Death and date of death [at 6 months]: Death and date of death will be assessed by contacting proxy or general practitioner. In case of lack of information the birth City Hall will be contacted to assess the vital status.
• Death and date of death [at 12 months]: Death and date of death will be assessed by contacting proxy or general practitioner. In case of lack of information the birth City Hall will be contacted to assess the vital status.
• Death and date of death [at 18 months]: Death and date of death will be assessed by contacting proxy or general practitioner. In case of lack of information the birth City Hall will be contacted to assess the vital status.
• Death and date of death [at 24 months]: Death and date of death will be assessed by contacting proxy or general practitioner. In case of lack of information the birth City Hall will be contacted to assess the vital status.
• Death and date of death [at 30 months]: Death and date of death will be assessed by contacting proxy or general practitioner. In case of lack of information the birth City Hall will be contacted to assess the vital status.
• the ADL scale [at inclusion]: ADL DE KATZ BATHING :└-┘/2 0 bathes self completely 1. needs help in bathing only one part of the body 2. needs help with bathing more than one part of the body or not bathed DRESSING :└-┘ /2 0 gets clothes and gets completely dressed without assistance 1 gets clothes and gets dressed without assistance, except for assistance in tying shoes 2 receives assistance in getting clothes or in getting dressed, or stays partly or completely undressed TOILETING :└-┘/2 0 toileting without assistance (may use cane, walker, or wheelchair) 1 receives assistance 2 doesn't go to room termed " toilet ". TRANSFER:└-┘/2 0 transfer without assistance (may be using cane or walker) 1. transfer with assistance 2. doesn't get out of bed. FEEDING :└-┘/2 0 feeding without help 1. need help cutting meat or buttering bread 2. needs total help or requires parenteral feeding. TOTAL : └-┴-┘/10 If the patient has a result of 2 at bathing and or dressing he can't be included at T0.
• the ADL scale [at 6 months]: ADL DE KATZ BATHING :└-┘/2 0 bathes self completely 1. needs help in bathing only one part of the body 2. needs help with bathing more than one part of the body or not bathed DRESSING :└-┘ /2 0 gets clothes and gets completely dressed without assistance 1 gets clothes and gets dressed without assistance, except for assistance in tying shoes 2 receives assistance in getting clothes or in getting dressed, or stays partly or completely undressed TOILETING :└-┘/2 0 toileting without assistance (may use cane, walker, or wheelchair) 1 receives assistance 2 doesn't go to room termed " toilet ". TRANSFER:└-┘/2 0 transfer without assistance (may be using cane or walker) 1. transfer with assistance 2. doesn't get out of bed. FEEDING :└-┘/2 0 feeding without help 1. need help cutting meat or buttering bread 2. needs total help or requires parenteral feeding. TOTAL : └-┴-┘/10 If the patient has a result of 2 at bathing and or dressing he can't be randomized at T6M
• the ADL scale [at 12 months]: ADL DE KATZ BATHING :└-┘/2 0 bathes self completely 1. needs help in bathing only one part of the body 2. needs help with bathing more than one part of the body or not bathed DRESSING :└-┘ /2 0 gets clothes and gets completely dressed without assistance 1 gets clothes and gets dressed without assistance, except for assistance in tying shoes 2 receives assistance in getting clothes or in getting dressed, or stays partly or completely undressed TOILETING :└-┘/2 0 toileting without assistance (may use cane, walker, or wheelchair) 1 receives assistance 2 doesn't go to room termed " toilet ". TRANSFER:└-┘/2 0 transfer without assistance (may be using cane or walker) 1. transfer with assistance 2. doesn't get out of bed. FEEDING :└-┘/2 0 feeding without help 1. need help cutting meat or buttering bread 2. needs total help or requires parenteral feeding. TOTAL : └-┴-┘/10
• the ADL scale [at 18 months]: ADL DE KATZ BATHING :└-┘/2 0 bathes self completely 1. needs help in bathing only one part of the body 2. needs help with bathing more than one part of the body or not bathed DRESSING :└-┘ /2 0 gets clothes and gets completely dressed without assistance 1 gets clothes and gets dressed without assistance, except for assistance in tying shoes 2 receives assistance in getting clothes or in getting dressed, or stays partly or completely undressed TOILETING :└-┘/2 0 toileting without assistance (may use cane, walker, or wheelchair) 1 receives assistance 2 doesn't go to room termed " toilet ". TRANSFER:└-┘/2 0 transfer without assistance (may be using cane or walker) 1. transfer with assistance 2. doesn't get out of bed. FEEDING :└-┘/2 0 feeding without help 1. need help cutting meat or buttering bread 2. needs total help or requires parenteral feeding. TOTAL : └-┴-┘/10
• the ADL scale [at 24 months]: ADL DE KATZ BATHING :└-┘/2 0 bathes self completely 1. needs help in bathing only one part of the body 2. needs help with bathing more than one part of the body or not bathed DRESSING :└-┘ /2 0 gets clothes and gets completely dressed without assistance 1 gets clothes and gets dressed without assistance, except for assistance in tying shoes 2 receives assistance in getting clothes or in getting dressed, or stays partly or completely undressed TOILETING :└-┘/2 0 toileting without assistance (may use cane, walker, or wheelchair) 1 receives assistance 2 doesn't go to room termed " toilet ". TRANSFER:└-┘/2 0 transfer without assistance (may be using cane or walker) 1. transfer with assistance 2. doesn't get out of bed. FEEDING :└-┘/2 0 feeding without help 1. need help cutting meat or buttering bread 2. needs total help or requires parenteral feeding. TOTAL : └-┴-┘/10
• the ADL scale [at 30 months]: ADL DE KATZ BATHING :└-┘/2 0 bathes self completely 1. needs help in bathing only one part of the body 2. needs help with bathing more than one part of the body or not bathed DRESSING :└-┘ /2 0 gets clothes and gets completely dressed without assistance 1 gets clothes and gets dressed without assistance, except for assistance in tying shoes 2 receives assistance in getting clothes or in getting dressed, or stays partly or completely undressed TOILETING :└-┘/2 0 toileting without assistance (may use cane, walker, or wheelchair) 1 receives assistance 2 doesn't go to room termed " toilet ". TRANSFER:└-┘/2 0 transfer without assistance (may be using cane or walker) 1. transfer with assistance 2. doesn't get out of bed. FEEDING :└-┘/2 0 feeding without help 1. need help cutting meat or buttering bread 2. needs total help or requires parenteral feeding. TOTAL : └-┴-┘/10
• the MMSE score [at inclusion]: The MMSE score will be assessed by the clinician, the psychologist or the speech therapist according to the habits of the center, using the French version of the MMSE (GRECO version)
• the MMSE score [at 6 months]: The MMSE score will be assessed by the clinician, the psychologist or the speech therapist according to the habits of the center, using the French version of the MMSE (GRECO version)
• the MMSE score [at 12 months]: The MMSE score will be assessed by the clinician, the psychologist or the speech therapist according to the habits of the center, using the French version of the MMSE (GRECO version)
• the MMSE score [at 18 months]: The MMSE score will be assessed by the clinician, the psychologist or the speech therapist according to the habits of the center, using the French version of the MMSE (GRECO version)
• the MMSE score [at 24 months]: The MMSE score will be assessed by the clinician, the psychologist or the speech therapist according to the habits of the center, using the French version of the MMSE (GRECO version)
• the MMSE score [at 30 months]: The MMSE score will be assessed by the clinician, the psychologist or the speech therapist according to the habits of the center, using the French version of the MMSE (GRECO version)
• the number of hospitalizations [at inclusion]: The number of hospitalizations will be assessed using standardized questionnaire, with date (month/year) and duration of hospitalization;
• the number of hospitalizations [at 6 months]: The number of hospitalizations will be assessed using standardized questionnaire, with date (month/year) and duration of hospitalization;
• the number of hospitalizations [at 12 months]: The number of hospitalizations will be assessed using standardized questionnaire, with date (month/year) and duration of hospitalization;
• the number of hospitalizations [at 18 months]: The number of hospitalizations will be assessed using standardized questionnaire, with date (month/year) and duration of hospitalization;
• the number of hospitalizations [at 24 months]: The number of hospitalizations will be assessed using standardized questionnaire, with date (month/year) and duration of hospitalization;
• the number of hospitalizations [at 30 months]: The number of hospitalizations will be assessed using standardized questionnaire, with date (month/year) and duration of hospitalization;
• Pharmacologie treatments consumed by the patient [at inclusion]: All the pharmacologie treatments consumed by the patient will be assessed, allowing to assess psychotropic drug consumption.
• Pharmacologie treatments consumed by the patient [at 6 months]: All the pharmacologie treatments consumed by the patient will be assessed, allowing to assess psychotropic drug consumption.
• Pharmacologie treatments consumed by the patient [at 12 months]: All the pharmacologie treatments consumed by the patient will be assessed, allowing to assess psychotropic drug consumption.
• Pharmacologie treatments consumed by the patient [at 18 months]: All the pharmacologie treatments consumed by the patient will be assessed, allowing to assess psychotropic drug consumption.
• Pharmacologie treatments consumed by the patient [at 24 months]: All the pharmacologie treatments consumed by the patient will be assessed, allowing to assess psychotropic drug consumption.
• Pharmacologie treatments consumed by the patient [at 30 months]: All the pharmacologie treatments consumed by the patient will be assessed, allowing to assess psychotropic drug consumption.

Sex: All, ages: 50 Years to any

Inclusion Criteria:

* New case of AD referring to a CMRR or MC.
* Diagnosis of probable or possible AD, defined according to the NINCDS-ARDRA criteria
* Mild to moderate stage, defined by a MMSE score above 15 at the time of pre-inclusion
* Patients with indication to CI treatment
* Patients Naïve to CI treatment
* Patients aged 50 years or more
* Menopause or effective contraception (for women)
* Affiliated person or beneficiary of a social security scheme
* Patients with AD LTI (Long Term Illeness)
* Patients agree to participate, with free, informed and written consent signed by the patient and his caregiver

Non Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients diagnosed with Lewy bodies disease, fronto-temporal dementia, or dementia from a cause other than Alzheimer Disease
* More severe stage of the disease, defined by a MMSE equal or below 15 at the time of inclusion
* Patients with contraindication to CI treatment
* Patients residing in an institution at the time of pré-inclusion or randomization
* Patients with a complete dependency for bathing and dressing at the time of pré-inclusion or randomization ( ADL de Katz, score 2/2 for the item "bathing" and/or "dressing")
* Patients under tutorship or curatorship, patients unable to express consent
* Patients with unstable severe general disease compromising the follow-up
* Patients without caregiver
* Patients included in another pharmacological trial
* Pregnant or breastfeeding women

Exclusion Criteria:

* CI responder patients for whom the MMSE score remained stable or became higher after 6 months of treatment
* Patients with complete dependency for bathing and dressing at the randomization visit
* Patients residing in an institution at the randomization visit