Prediction of Chronic Renal Disease After Acute Kidney Injury in the Intensive Care Unit

As second objectives, the study aims to:

* Evaluate the GFR decline in patients who had an underlying chronic kidney disease.
* Evaluate factors associated with a persistent decreased GFR at day-90.
* Characterization the clinical and biological phenotype of chronic renal disease in these patients.
* Evaluate treatments provided to these patients according to CKD occurence.
* Evaluate the rate of cardiovascular and thrombo-embolic morbidity-mortality.
* Assess the quality of life every year for 3 years.
* Evaluate the medico-economic burden of CKD.

Primary outcomes

• Incidence of chronic kidney disease [At 3 years]: Incidence of chronic kidney disease defined by a decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) under 60 mL/minute/1.73m2.

Secondary outcomes

• Progression of chronic renal disease defined by the slope of GFR decline [At 3 years]: For patients who have chronic renal disease history and developped an acute kidney failure during ICU stay, progression of chronic renal disease defined by a GFR decline greater than 30% at 3 years.
• Progression of the proteinuria [At 3 years]: Evolution of urinary protein to creatinine ratio (mg/mmol).
• Progression of chronic renal disease defined by the number of patients with end-stage renal disease requiring dialysis or renal transplantation [At 3 years]: For patients who have chronic renal disease history and developped an acute kidney failure during ICU stay, progression of chronic renal disease defined by need to dialysis, or need a renal transplantation, and GFR < 15mL/minute/1.73m2.
• Occurrence of cardiovascular events and thromboembolic events [At 3 years]: Cardiovascular events include acute coronary syndrome, ischemic stroke, peripheral artery disease, ventricular rhythm disorder and sudden death. Thromboembolic events included deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism.
• All-cause mortality [At 3 years]: All-cause mortality and cardiovascular cause mortality
• Quality of life assessment [At the end of 1 year]: Assessment of quality of life of patients by the scale KDQOL-SF-12. The SF-12 is a short form that includes Items 1-12 as generic core of kidney Disease Quality of Life Instrument (KDQOL).
• Quality of life assessment [At the end of 1 year]: Assessment of quality of life of patients by the scale EQ-5D-5L. The EQ-5D-5L questionnaire consists the descriptive system comprises five dimensions: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression. Each dimension has 5 levels: no problems, slight problems, moderate problems, severe problems and extreme problems. The patient is asked to indicate his/her health state.
• Cost [At 3 years]: Costs related to medical care

Sex: All, ages: 18 Years to any

Inclusion Criteria:

* Patient ⩾ 18 years;
* Patient suffering an acute kidney injury (defined by AKIN score ⩾1) during ICU stay;
* Patient discharged alive from the ICU;
* Patient's signed consent obtained;
* Patient covered by a healthcare insurance.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Pregnant or breastfeeding woman;
* SOFA score < 1 (except for kidney assessment) at time of ICU admission;
* End-stage of renal failure or dialysis treatment or renal transplantation prior to ICU admission;
* Patient treated with dialysis at ICU discharge;
* Immunosuppressive treatment prior to ICU admission;
* Patient under legal incapacity (tutor or guardian protection);
* Being unable to follow-up of the study;
* Life expectancy expected shorter than 90 days;
* Refusal to participate in the study;
* Patient's main address is outside of Il de France region for the centers in this region;
* Patient < 18 years;
* Patient not affiliated to national social security scheme;
* Patient deprived of liberty by judicial measure.

• Results publication: de Roquetaillade C, Durand M, Beaucote V, Guillemin J, Chadjichristos CE, Roquilly A, Chousterman BG. Progression of Kidney Fibrosis after Sepsis: Underestimated Role of Resident Macrophages and Recruited Monocytes. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2025 Mar 28;36(7):1417-1427. doi: 10.1681/ASN.0000000712. PMID 40152940
• Results publication: Geri G, Stengel B, Jacquelinet C, Aegerter P, Massy ZA, Vieillard-Baron A; PREDICT investigators. Prediction of chronic kidney disease after acute kidney injury in ICU patients: study protocol for the PREDICT multicenter prospective observational study. Ann Intensive Care. 2018 Jul 6;8(1):77. doi: 10.1186/s13613-018-0421-7. PMID 29980878

• Guillaume Geri, MD, PhD, Principal investigator, Service de Réanimation médico-chirurgicale, Hôpital Ambroise Paré
• Antoine Vieillard Baron, MD, PhD, Study director, Service de Réanimation médico-chirurgicale, Hôpital Ambroise Paré