The Diversity of the Fungal and Bacterial in Colon Mucosa of Patients With Different Degree of Inflammation of Ulcerative Colitis

In recent years, the relationship of intestinal fungus with inflammatory bowel disease was gradually revealed. We divided the patients with ulcerative colitis into three groups on the basis of World Gastroenterology Organisation (WGO) classification about inflammation degree and progress classification and established the healthy control group. Analyzing the diversity of the fungal and bacterial within colon mucosa between patients with different clinical classification, for example, the proportion of bacteria and fungi, the proportion of candida albicans, the proportion of yeasts, and so on.

• ulcerative colitis (Other), also known as Patients With ulcerative colitis: We take 2 pieces of biopsies in the sigmoid colon mucosa inflammation area during the colonoscopy and then perform gene sequencing.
• Control (Other), also known as Patients Without ulcerative colitis: We take 2 pieces of biopsies in the sigmoid colon mucosa during the colonoscopy and then perform gene sequencing.

Primary outcomes

• fungus detection rate [6 months]: Fungi detection rate was defined as the percentage of patients in whose colonic mucosa at least one kind of fungus were identified.
• yeasts detection rate [6 months]: Yeasts detection rate was defined as the percentage of patients in whose colonic mucosa yeasts were identified.
• candida albicans detection rate [6 months]: Candida albicans detection rate was defined as the percentage of patients in whose colonic mucosa candida albicans were identified.

Sex: All, ages: 18 Years to 80 Years, accepts healthy volunteers

Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients at our tertiary care medical center, aged between 18 and 80 years, scheduled to undergo surveillance colonoscopy.
* The patients with ulcerative colitis for ulcerative colitis group.
* The patients without ulcerative colitis for control group.
* 18-80 years.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Using antibiotics, glucocorticoid and immunosuppressants wintin one month.
* There are contraindications for enteroscopy and biopsy.
* There are other intestinal diseases.
* Pregnancy or breast-feeding women.
* Patients with serious lung disease and mental illness.

• Results publication: Sokol H, Leducq V, Aschard H, Pham HP, Jegou S, Landman C, Cohen D, Liguori G, Bourrier A, Nion-Larmurier I, Cosnes J, Seksik P, Langella P, Skurnik D, Richard ML, Beaugerie L. Fungal microbiota dysbiosis in IBD. Gut. 2017 Jun;66(6):1039-1048. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2015-310746. Epub 2016 Feb 3. PMID 26843508
• Results publication: Mukhopadhya I, Hansen R, Meharg C, Thomson JM, Russell RK, Berry SH, El-Omar EM, Hold GL. The fungal microbiota of de-novo paediatric inflammatory bowel disease. Microbes Infect. 2015 Apr;17(4):304-10. doi: 10.1016/j.micinf.2014.12.001. Epub 2014 Dec 15. PMID 25522934
• Results publication: Eriksson M, Johannssen T, von Smolinski D, Gruber AD, Seeberger PH, Lepenies B. The C-Type Lectin Receptor SIGNR3 Binds to Fungi Present in Commensal Microbiota and Influences Immune Regulation in Experimental Colitis. Front Immunol. 2013 Jul 16;4:196. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00196. eCollection 2013. PMID 23882266
• Results publication: Shang Y, Wang X, Diao X, Li L, Zuo X. The Degree of Mucosa-Associated Microecological Imbalance in Ulcerative Colitis Patients with Different Mayo Score and Its Relationship with Mucosal Mechanical Barrier Damage. Turk J Gastroenterol. 2025 Oct 9;37(1):26-34. doi: 10.5152/tjg.2025.24609. PMID 41578770

• Xiuli Zuo, PhD, Principal investigator, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University