Trametinib in Treating Patients With Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma That is Metastatic, Locally Advanced, or Cannot Be Removed by Surgery

PRIMARY OBJECTIVE:

I. Estimate the objective response rate (ORR) using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1 (RECIST 1.1).

SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:

I. Estimate the 6-month and median progression free survival (PFS) rates. II. Estimate the 2-year and median overall survival (OS) rates. III. Evaluate the safety of trametinib in patients with epithelioid hemangioendothelioma.

IV. Evaluate patient-reported symptoms using National Institutes of Health Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (NIH PROMIS) global health; pain intensity, interference and behavior short form inventories prior to, after 4 weeks and after 6 months (if stable or better disease) of treatment, and on evidence of disease progression.

EXPLORATORY OBJECTIVES:

I. Compare the rates of epithelioid hemangioendothelioma progression prior to starting trametinib to rates on treatment by central review of radiology images.

II. Evaluate the effect of trametinib on change in tumor volume and compare to RECIST 1.1 response through central imaging review.

III. Evaluate the effect of trametinib on markers of inflammation including c-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and plasma connective tissue growth factor (CTGF).

OUTLINE:

Patients receive trametinib orally (PO) once daily (QD) on days 1-28. Treatment repeats every 28 days for up to 52 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up every 3 months for 6 months.

• Questionnaire Administration (Other): Ancillary studies
• Trametinib (Drug), also known as GSK 1120212, GSK-1120212, GSK1120212, JTP-74057, MEK Inhibitor GSK1120212: Given PO

Primary outcomes

• Objective Response Rate [6 months]: Will be assessed by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1. A Simon minimax sampling two-stage design will be used to estimate the objective response rate. Will be calculated along with 95% confidence intervals.

Secondary outcomes

• 6 Month Progression-free Survival [From time of first dose of study medication to occurrence of radiologic tumor progression per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors 1.1, clinical progression based on treating physician assessment or death from any cause, assessed at 6 months]: Will be calculated along with 95% confidence intervals and estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method.
• Overall Survival [From the time of first dose of study drug to occurrence of death from any cause, assessed at 2 years]: Will be calculated along with 95% confidence intervals and estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method.
• Incidence of Adverse Events [at 6 months]: Graded according to the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria of Adverse Events version 5.0. The rates of adverse events occurring in at least 5% of subjects and rates of grade 3-5 adverse events will be tabulated by system and term.
• Change in Patient Reported Symptoms [Baseline and at 6 months]: Will be assessed by the National Institutes of Health Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System questionnaire. Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System questionnaires will be scored according to recommended standardized system and t-scores generated. A mixed model will be used to analyze change in t-scores over time. PROMIS questionnaires were scored according to recommended standardized system and T-scores. A Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to assess the change in scores/T-scores over time. Determination of change in score between timepoints only included patients that had scores at those timepoints. Pain Intensity - 3a Scale: 36.3 (no pain) - 81.8 (severe pain) Pain Interference - 4a Scale: 41.6 (no interference) - 75.6 (large interference) Pain Behavior - 7a Scale: 34.1 (had no pain) - 78.9 (always in pain) Global Mental Heath Scale: 21.2 (severe) - 67.6 (none) Global Mental Physical Scale: 16.2 (severe) - 67.7 (none)
• Median Progression-free Survival [From time of first dose of study medication to occurrence of radiologic tumor progression per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors 1.1, clinical progression based on treating physician]: Will be calculated along with 95% confidence intervals and estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method.

Other outcomes

• Change in Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma Growth Rate [Baseline up to 6 months]: McNemar test will be used to compare the number of patients with epithelioid hemangioendothelioma progression prior to starting trametinib to the number of patients with epithelioid hemangioendothelioma progression during treatment.
• Change in CRP Level [Baseline up to 6 months]: Will be used as time-dependent variables in a Cox model to determine the association with epithelioid hemangioendothelioma survival.
• Change in ESR Level [Baseline up to 6 months]: Will be used as time-dependent variables in a Cox model to determine the association with epithelioid hemangioendothelioma survival.
• Change in Plasma CTGF Level [Baseline up to 6 months]: Will be analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Will be used as time-dependent variables in a Cox model to determine the association with epithelioid hemangioendothelioma survival.
• Change in Tumor Volume [Baseline up to 6 months]: Will be assessed by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1. Will be summarized with a scatterplot. The Pearson correlation coefficient (or Spearman, if more appropriate) will be assessed to determine the strength of the agreement. Agreement of the tumor classifications (response versus no response) will be summarized as the raw agreement and with a Kappa Statistic. The association of the change in tumor volume with survival will be evaluated in two ways. The first will be to use the change in tumor volume as a time dependent variable in a Cox model. The second will be a landmark analysis (done at either the first radiographic assessment or at the second radiographic assessment) to compare the survival of patients classified as a responder (based on tumor volume) to those who have not responded by the selected landmark time. Patients who died prior to the landmark time point will be omitted from analysis.
• Number of TAZ-CAMTA1 Gene Fusion [Up to 6 months]: Will be evaluated by fluorescence in situ hybridization.
• Percent of TAZ-CAMTA1 Gene Fusion [Up to 6 months]: Will be evaluated by fluorescence in situ hybridization.
• MAP Kinase Activation [Up to 6 months]: Will be analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Descriptive statistics will be generated, and estimates for the proportion of samples with demonstrated inhibition of MAPK signaling post-treatment compared to pre-treatment will be generated along with 95% confidence intervals. Likewise, the proportion of patients with demonstrated MAPK signaling inhibition at time of disease progression will be determined with the corresponding 95% confidence interval.

Sex: All, ages: 15 Years to any

Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients must have measurable disease, defined as at least one lesion that can be accurately measured in at least one dimension (longest diameter to be recorded for non-nodal lesions and short axis for nodal lesions) as >= 20 mm (>= 2 cm) with conventional techniques or as >= 10 mm (>= 1 cm) with spiral computed tomography (CT) scan, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or calipers by clinical exam; baseline imaging must be obtained within 30 days of day 1 of study
* Patients must have histologically confirmed epithelioid hemangioendothelioma which is metastatic or locally advanced (unresectable), and tumor tissue (paraffin-embedded tissue block or tumor tissue on unstained glass slides) available for fusion fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis at Cleveland Clinic; patient tumor tissue stored in pathology archives may be used for fusion FISH; a new biopsy is not mandatory
* Patients must have evidence of disease progression per RECIST 1.1 prior to enrollment or have evidence of cancer-related pain requiring symptom management with narcotic analgesics
* Because there is no established standard or approved drug therapy for treatment of epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE), patients previously untreated or treated with drug therapy for EHE are eligible; there is no limit on the number of prior regimens used to be eligible
* Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status =< 2 (Karnofsky >= 60%)
* Life expectancy of greater than 6 months
* Able to swallow orally-administered medication and does not have any clinically significant gastrointestinal abnormalities that may alter absorption such as malabsorption syndrome or major resection of the stomach or small bowel
* All prior treatment-related toxicities must be Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 5.0 (CTCAE v5) grade =< 1 (except alopecia) at the time of enrollment
* Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) >= 1 x 10\^9/L (within 2 weeks of patient registration)
* Hemoglobin >= 9 g/dL, patients may receive transfusion to meet criterion (within 2 weeks of patient registration)
* Platelets >= 75 x 10\^9/L (within 2 weeks of patient registration)
* Albumin >= 2.5 g/dL (within 2 weeks of patient registration)
* Total bilirubin =< 1.5 x institutional upper limit of normal (ULN) (within 2 weeks of patient registration); NOTE: patients with elevated bilirubin secondary to Gilbert's disease are eligible to participate in the study
* Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) =< 2.5 x institutional ULN (within 2 weeks of patient registration)
* Serum creatinine =< 1.5 mg/dL OR calculated creatinine clearance (Cockcroft-Gault formula) >= 50 mL/min OR 24-hour urine creatinine clearance >= 50 mL/min (within 2 weeks of patient registration)
* Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) >= institutional lower limit of normal (LLN) by echocardiogram (ECHO) or multigated acquisition scan (MUGA) (within 30 days of registration)
* Trametinib can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman; women of child-bearing potential and men must agree to use adequate contraception (hormonal or barrier method of birth control; abstinence) prior to study entry, during the study participation, and for four months after the last dose of the drug; women of child-bearing potential must have a negative serum pregnancy test within 14 days prior to enrollment and agree to use effective contraception throughout the treatment period and for 4 months after the last dose of study treatment; should a woman become pregnant or suspect she is pregnant while she or her partner is participating in this study, she should inform her treating physician immediately
* Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-patients positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are NOT excluded from this study, however HIV-positive patients must meet the following criteria:

  * A stable regimen of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART)
  * No requirement for concurrent antibiotics or antifungal agents for the prevention of opportunistic infections
  * A CD4 count above 250 cells/mcL and an undetectable HIV viral load on standard polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based test

Exclusion Criteria:

* Prior systemic therapy with a MEK inhibitor
* History of another malignancy

  * Exception: patients who have been disease-free for 3 years or patients with a history of completely resected non-melanoma skin cancer and/or patients with indolent secondary malignancies, are eligible; consult the Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program (CTEP) medical monitor if unsure whether second malignancies meet the requirements specified above
* History of interstitial lung disease or pneumonitis requiring supplemental oxygen or treatment with oral or intravenously administered corticosteroids
* Any major surgery, extensive radiotherapy, chemotherapy with delayed toxicity (e.g. doxorubicin), biologic therapy, or immunotherapy within 21 days prior to enrollment and/or daily or weekly chemotherapy (e.g. sunitinib, sorafenib and pazopanib) without the potential for delayed toxicity within 14 days prior to enrollment
* Use of other investigational drugs within 28 days (or five half-lives, whichever is shorter; with a minimum of 14 days from the last dose) preceding the first dose of trametinib and during the study
* Symptomatic or untreated leptomeningeal or brain metastases or spinal cord compression
* Have a known immediate or delayed hypersensitivity reaction or idiosyncrasy to drugs chemically related to trametinib, or excipients or to dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)
* Current use of a prohibited medication; the following medications or non-drug therapies are prohibited:

  * Other anti-cancer therapy while on study treatment; (note: megestrol \[Megace\] if used as an appetite stimulant is allowed)
  * Concurrent treatment with bisphosphonates is permitted; however, treatment must be initiated prior to the first dose of study therapy; prophylactic use of bisphosphonates in patients without bone disease is not permitted, except for the treatment of osteoporosis
  * Because the composition, pharmacokinetics (PK), and metabolism of many herbal supplements are unknown, the concurrent use of all herbal supplements is prohibited during the study (including, but not limited to, St. John's wort, kava, ephedra \[ma huang\], ginkgo biloba, dehydroepiandrosterone \[DHEA\], yohimbe, saw palmetto, or ginseng)
* History or current evidence/risk of retinal vein occlusion (RVO)
* History or evidence of cardiovascular risk including any of the following:

  * A QT interval corrected for heart rate using the Bazett's formula QTcB >= 480 msec
  * History or evidence of current clinically significant uncontrolled arrhythmias (exception: patients with controlled atrial fibrillation for > 30 days prior to randomization are eligible)
  * History of acute coronary syndromes (including myocardial infarction and unstable angina), coronary angioplasty, or stenting within 6 months prior to randomization
  * History or evidence of current >= class II congestive heart failure as defined by the New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional classification system
  * Treatment-refractory hypertension defined as a blood pressure of systolic > 140 mmHg and/or diastolic > 90 mmHg which cannot be controlled by anti-hypertensive therapy
  * Patients with intra-cardiac defibrillators
  * Known cardiac metastases
* Known hepatitis B virus (HBV), or hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (patients with chronic or cleared HBV and HCV infection are eligible)
* Any serious and/or unstable pre-existing medical disorder (aside from malignancy exception above), psychiatric disorder, or other conditions that could interfere with subject's safety, obtaining informed consent or compliance to the study procedures
* Trametinib was embryotoxic and abortifacient in rabbits at doses greater than or equal to those resulting in exposures approximately 0.3 times the human exposure at the recommended clinical dose. Therefore, the study drug must not be administered to pregnant women or nursing mothers; women of childbearing potential should be advised to avoid pregnancy and use effective methods of contraception; men with a female partner of childbearing potential must have either had a prior vasectomy or agree to use effective contraception; if a female patient or a female partner of a patient becomes pregnant while the patient receives trametinib, the potential hazard to the fetus should be explained to the patient and partner (as applicable)
* Inability to comply with protocol-required procedures

Participant flow

Outcome results

• Objective Response Rate (Primary), Number, Percentage: Treatment (Trametinib) 9.5 (3.1 to 23.5)
• 6 Month Progression-free Survival (Secondary), Number, percentage of participants: Treatment (Trametinib) 66.5 (53.6 to 82.5)
• Overall Survival (Secondary), Number, Percentage: Treatment (Trametinib) 41.1 (28.1 to 60.1)
• Incidence of Adverse Events (Secondary), Number, participants who experienced the event: Treatment (Trametinib) 3
• Change in Patient Reported Symptoms (Secondary), Mean, T Score: Treatment (Trametinib) 57 +/- 12
• Median Progression-free Survival (Secondary), Median, months: Treatment (Trametinib) 8.3 (7.3 to 21.9)
• Change in Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma Growth Rate (Other pre specified)
• Change in CRP Level (Other pre specified)
• Change in ESR Level (Other pre specified)
• Change in Plasma CTGF Level (Other pre specified)
• Change in Tumor Volume (Other pre specified)
• Number of TAZ-CAMTA1 Gene Fusion (Other pre specified)
• Percent of TAZ-CAMTA1 Gene Fusion (Other pre specified)
• MAP Kinase Activation (Other pre specified)

Adverse events

Time frame: data was collected over 6 years

Serious adverse events by term

Other adverse events by term

8 more terms not shown.

• Results publication: Ma S, Kanai R, Pobbati AV, Li S, Che K, Seavey CN, Hallett A, Burtscher A, Lamar JM, Rubin BP. The TAZ-CAMTA1 Fusion Protein Promotes Tumorigenesis via Connective Tissue Growth Factor and Ras-MAPK Signaling in Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma. Clin Cancer Res. 2022 Jul 15;28(14):3116-3126. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-22-0421. PMID 35443056

• Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan (PDF, 2020-06-23)

• Scott M Schuetze, Principal investigator, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center EDDOP

NIH grants: P30CA046592