Coronary Heart Disease Risk in Type 2 Diabetes

• Self-Management Intervention (Behavioral): The SMI will incorporate a discussion to introduce self-management and why it is important, and about problems associated with reducing CHD risk and managing type 2 diabetes. Specific topics addressed will include health behaviours to reduce CHD risk and manage diabetes including diet and exercise, as well as behaviours specific to managing diabetes, including medication adherence and self-care behaviours (e.g. footcare). Sessions are patient-directed and employ a shared decision-making approach, such that participants work with one another and the practice nurse facilitator to identify specific problems that they wish to address, and to identify solutions and approaches to managing their diabetes and CHD risk
• Risk Result (Behavioral): Participants will receive in-person personalised feedback about their combined genetic and lifestyle 10 year risk for developing CHD.

Primary outcomes

• Coronary heart disease 10 year risk [12 months]: Coronary heart disease 10 year risk as assessed using the United Kingdon Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Risk Calculator

Secondary outcomes

• Psycho-social impact of the intervention [12 months]: Psycho-social impact of the intervention conditions will be assessed using questionnaires designed to measure risk perception, self-efficacy, and motivation. Feelings of anxiety and depression will also be assessed.
• Health behaviour impact of the intervention [12 months]: The impact of the intervention conditions on health behaviours including diet, exercise and smoking behaviour will be assessed in addition to a range of diabetes self-care behaviours such as foot care and blood glucose self-monitoring.
• Impact of receiving genetic results [6 months]: The impact of receiving genetic test results using a modified version of the Multidimensional Impact of Cancer Risk Assessment (MICRA) questionnaire.

Sex: All, ages: 25 Years to 74 Years

Inclusion Criteria:

* Males and females aged 25-70 years diagnosed with type 2 diabetes
* White, Afro-Caribbean or Asian-Indian ethnicity
* Most previous or baseline HbA1c ≥6.5% or 48 mmol/mol
* Fluency in written and spoken English

Exclusion Criteria:

* Diagnosis of ischemic heart disease, stroke, Transient Ischaemic Attack (TIA) or peripheral vascular disease
* Serious or enduring mental health problems that would prevent the patient from completing the study
* Currently receiving treatment for a life-threatening condition (e.g., cancer) or in the terminal stages of a condition
* Adults who cannot consent for themselves

• Results publication: Beaney KE, Ward CE, Bappa DA, McGale N, Davies AK, Hirani SP, Li K, Howard P, Vance DR, Crockard MA, Lamont JV, Newman S, Humphries SE. A 19-SNP coronary heart disease gene score profile in subjects with type 2 diabetes: the coronary heart disease risk in type 2 diabetes (CoRDia study) study baseline characteristics. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2016 Oct 3;15(1):141. doi: 10.1186/s12933-016-0457-7. PMID 27716211
• Results publication: Davies AK, McGale N, Humphries SE, Hirani SP, Beaney KE, Bappa DA, McCabe JG, Newman SP. Effectiveness of a self-management intervention with personalised genetic and lifestyle-related risk information on coronary heart disease and diabetes-related risk in type 2 diabetes (CoRDia): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials. 2015 Dec 2;16:547. doi: 10.1186/s13063-015-1073-7. PMID 26631181

• Stanton P Newman, PhD, Principal investigator, City, University of London