Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes After Combination Chemotherapy in Treating Patients With Metastatic Melanoma

OUTLINE:

Patients receive cyclophosphamide intravenously (IV) on days -7 to -6 and fludarabine phosphate IV on days -5 to -1. Patients undergo TIL infusion over 30-60 minutes on day 0 and receive aldesleukin IV every 8 hours on days 1-5 for up to a maximum of 14 doses.

After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up at 6, 12, and 24 weeks.

• Aldesleukin (Biological), also known as 125-L-Serine-2-133-interleukin 2, Proleukin, r-serHuIL-2, Recombinant Human IL-2, Recombinant Human Interleukin-2: Given IV
• Cyclophosphamide (Drug), also known as (-)-Cyclophosphamide, 2H-1,3,2-Oxazaphosphorine, 2-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]tetrahydro-, 2-oxide, monohydrate, Carloxan, Ciclofosfamida, Ciclofosfamide, Cicloxal, Clafen, Claphene, CP monohydrate, CTX, CYCLO-cell, Cycloblastin, Cycloblastine, Cyclophospham, Cyclophosphamid monohydrate, Cyclophosphamidum, Cyclophosphan, Cyclophosphane, Cyclophosphanum, Cyclostin, Cyclostine, Cytophosphan, Cytophosphane, Cytoxan, Fosfaseron, Genoxal, Genuxal, Ledoxina, Mitoxan, Neosar, Revimmune, Syklofosfamid, WR- 138719: Given IV
• Fludarabine Phosphate (Drug), also known as 2-F-ara-AMP, 9H-Purin-6-amine, 2-fluoro-9-(5-O-phosphono-.beta.-D-arabinofuranosyl)-, Beneflur, Fludara, SH T 586: Given IV
• Laboratory Biomarker Analysis (Other): Correlative studies
• Therapeutic Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes (Biological), also known as Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes: Undergo TIL infusion

Primary outcomes

• Number of Participants in Each Clinical Response Category [Up to 24 weeks post infusion]: Assessed using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors 1.1 definitions for complete response, partial response, stable disease, and progressive disease. Clinical response will be determined at 6 weeks, 12 weeks and 24 weeks based on RECIST version 1.137 definitions for Complete Response (CR), Partial Response (PR), Stable Disease (SD) and Progressive Disease (PD). Response reported is best response per participant. A complete response will be defined as total regression of all tumors, a PR as 30% or greater decrease in the sum of the longest diameter of target lesions compared to baseline and PD as 20% increase in the sum of the longest diameter of target lesions compared to the smallest prior diameter (RECIST v1.1 criteria).

Secondary outcomes

• Number of Participants Who Experienced in Vivo Persistence of Adoptively Transferred T Cells Following TIL Infusion [Up to 24 months]: Whole exome and RNA sequencing of tumor cells and normal tissue was performed to identify non synonymous missense mutations, which was then used to generate peptide pools to identify neoantigen-reactive T cells. T-Cell Receptor (TCR) sequencing of T cell clonotypes in blood at time of treatment, 10 months and 24 months was performed and used to assess the persistence of a tumor antigen specific clonotype infused in the TIL product.
• Count of Participants Who Experienced Adverse Events, Graded According to National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events Version 4.0 [Adverse events will be collected through 4 weeks after T cell infusion. Beginning 4 weeks after the T cell infusion, only study-related toxicities will be collected for up to 1 year following T cell infusion.]
• A Count of Participants With Biomarker Expression Above Threshold [Up to 24 weeks]: Several biomarkers, CXCL13+ CD4 cells, CXCL13+ CD8+ cells, and regulatory cells were evaluated to assess correlation with clinical responses to TIL therapy.

Sex: All, ages: 18 Years to any

Inclusion Criteria:

Step I Inclusion Criteria:

* Stage IV melanoma or stage III melanoma that is unlikely to be cured by surgery
* Able to tolerate high-dose cyclophosphamide, fludarabine and high-dose IL-2
* Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0-1
* Patients must have a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), or positron emission tomography (PET) of the brain within 2 months before consenting if known history of brain metastasis or if clinically indicated; if new lesions are present, principal investigator (PI) or designee should make final determination regarding enrollment
* Patients must have a site of metastatic disease that can be safely resected or biopsied for tissue sufficient for TIL harvest

Step II Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients must have measurable metastatic melanoma
* Able to tolerate high-dose cyclophosphamide, fludarabine, and high-dose IL-2
* ECOG performance status of 0-1
* Patients must have brain imaging by MRI, CT or PET within 30 days prior to lymphodepletion; patients may have asymptomatic brain lesions that are =< 1 cm each, lesions that are > 1 cm that have been irradiated and in the opinion of the investigator no longer represents active disease will also be allowed
* A functional cardiac test (e.g., stress treadmill, stress thallium, multigated acquisition scan (MUGA), dobutamine echocardiogram) to rule out cardiac ischemia within 4 months prior to lymphodepletion is required for all patients
* Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) are required of all patients within 4 months prior to lymphodepletion; forced expiratory volume (FEV)1 and forced vital capacity (FVC) must be >= 65% predicted and diffusion lung capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) must be >= 50% predicted
* Patients must have their tumor sent for v-Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1(BRAF) mutational analysis
* Patients must have adequate TIL (at least 40 x 10\^6 cells at the pre-expansion stage)

Exclusion Criteria:

Step I Exclusion Criteria:

* Men or women of reproductive ability who are unwilling to use effective contraception or abstinence for 4 months after treatment
* Calculated creatinine clearance (estimated glomerular filtration rate \[eGFR\]) < 60 ml/min; EGFR values can be determined by either Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) or Cockcroft-Gault equation based on the investigator's discretion
* Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)/alanine aminotransferase (ALT) > 3 x upper limit of normal
* Total bilirubin > 2.0 mg/dl, except in patients with Gilbert's syndrome whose total bilirubin must not exceed 3.0 mg/dl) deemed by investigator to be irreversible
* FEV1 < 65% predicted, FVC < 65% of predicted, DLCO (corrected for hemoglobin \[Hgb\]) < 50% predicted); pulmonary function tests (PFTs) within 4 months prior to consent for Step I will be required for patients with underlying risk factors such as smoking history > 10 pack years, or a history of pre-existing symptomatic lung disease (not including melanoma metastases to the lung)
* Pre-existing known cardiovascular abnormalities as defined by any one of the following:

  * Congestive heart failure
  * Clinically significant hypotension
  * Cardiac ischemia, or symptoms of coronary artery disease
  * Presence of cardiac arrhythmias on electrocardiogram (EKG) requiring drug therapy
  * Ejection fraction < 45% (echocardiogram or MUGA), although any patient with an ejection fraction between 45-49% must receive clearance by a cardiologist to be eligible for Step II of the trial
* Clinically significant autoimmune disorders or conditions of immunosuppression; patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 associated complex or known to be HIV antibody seropositive or known to be recently polymerase chain reaction (PCR)+ for hepatitis B or C are not eligible for this study; the severely depressed or altered immune system found in these patients and the possibility of premature death would compromise study objectives
* Patients with active systemic infection requiring intravenous antibiotics
* Clinically significant psychiatric disease which, in the opinion of the PI or sub-investigator (I), would render immunotherapy and its potential sequelae unsafe or compliance with procedural requirements unlikely

Step II Exclusion Criteria:

* Pregnant women, nursing mothers, men or women of reproductive ability who are unwilling to use effective contraception or abstinence; women of childbearing potential must have a negative pregnancy test within 14 days prior to entry; patients of both genders must practice birth control during treatment and for four months after treatment
* Calculated creatinine clearance (eGFR) < 60 ml/min; EGFR values can be determined by either MDRD or Cockcroft-Gault equation based on the investigator's discretion
* AST/ALT > 3 x upper limit of normal
* Total bilirubin > 2.0 mg/dl, except in patients with Gilbert's syndrome whose total bilirubin must not exceed 3.0 mg/dl)
* Clinically significant pulmonary dysfunction (FEV1 < 65% predicted or FVC < 65% of predicted, DLCO (corrected for Hgb) < 50% predicted)
* Pre-existing known cardiovascular abnormalities as defined by any one of the following:

  * Congestive heart failure
  * Clinically significant hypotension
  * Cardiac ischemia, or symptoms of coronary artery disease
  * Presence of cardiac arrhythmias on EKG requiring drug therapy
  * Ejection fraction < 45%, although any patient with an ejection fraction between 45-49% must receive clearance by a cardiologist to be eligible for Step II of this trial
* Absolute neutrophil count less than 1000/mm\^3
* Platelet count less than 100,000/mm\^3
* Hemoglobin less than 10.0 g/dl
* Untreated central nervous system metastases that are either symptomatic or greater than 1 cm at time of therapy; lesions that are > 1cm that have been irradiated and in the opinion of the PI or sub-I no longer represent active disease may be allowed
* Patients with systemic infections requiring active therapy within 72 hours of lymphodepletion
* Systemic cancer therapy (standard or experimental), including cytotoxic chemotherapy or IL-2, received less than 4 weeks or checkpoint blocking agents (e.g., cytotoxic T-lymphocyte protein \[CTLA\]-4 or programmed cell death protein \[PD\]1/PD-ligand \[L\]1 inhibitors) received less than 6 weeks prior to lymphodepletion, with the exception of targeted therapies
* Commercially available, molecularly targeted therapies (e.g., dabrafenib, trametinib, vemurafenib, imatinib) taken within 7 days prior to lymphodepletion
* Clinically significant autoimmune disorders or conditions of immunosuppression; patients with AIDS or HIV-1 associated complex or known to HIV antibody seropositive or known to be recently PCR+ for hepatitis B or C virus are not eligible for this study; virology testing will be done within 6 months of T cell infusion; the severely depressed or altered immune system found in these patients and the possibility of premature death would compromise study objectives
* Prior treatment with systemic steroids within 4 weeks prior to lymphodepletion (except for physiologic replacement doses for adrenal insufficiency, premedication for contrast allergies for scans, and for drug fever related to targeted therapy)
* Any other significant medical or psychological conditions that would make the patient unsuitable candidate for cell therapy at the discretion of the PI

Participant flow

Outcome results

• Number of Participants in Each Clinical Response Category (Primary), Count of participants, Participants: Treatment (TIL, Combination Chemotherapy, Aldesleukin) 2
• Number of Participants Who Experienced in Vivo Persistence of Adoptively Transferred T Cells Following TIL Infusion (Secondary), Count of participants, Participants: Treatment (TIL, Combination Chemotherapy, Aldesleukin) 1
• Count of Participants Who Experienced Adverse Events, Graded According to National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events Version 4.0 (Secondary), Count of participants, Participants: Treatment (TIL, Combination Chemotherapy, Aldesleukin) 10
• A Count of Participants With Biomarker Expression Above Threshold (Secondary), Count of participants, Participants: Treatment (TIL, Combination Chemotherapy, Aldesleukin) 2

Adverse events

Time frame: Adverse events will be collected through 4 weeks after T cell infusion. Beginning 4 weeks after the T cell infusion, only study-related toxicities will be collected for up to 1 year following T cell infusion.

Serious adverse events by term

Other adverse events by term

• Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan (PDF, 2022-06-09)

• Sylvia M. Lee, Principal investigator, Fred Hutch/University of Washington Cancer Consortium

NIH grants: P30CA015704