TOOTH DİSCOLORATİON AFTER ROOT CANAL TREATMENT WİTH AH PLUS AND BİOROOT RCS

Tooth color was evaluated using a VITA Easyshade Advance 4.0 digital spectrophotometer. Color measurements were performed by two examiners using the same standardized measurement protocol. Measurements were obtained from the cervical, middle, and incisal regions of the buccal surface of each tooth before root canal treatment and at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months after treatment.

At each assessment, CIELAB L*, a*, and b* color values were recorded. Color change from baseline was calculated using the CIEDE2000 color difference formula (ΔE00). The cervical, middle, and incisal regions were evaluated separately to determine whether tooth discoloration differed according to the root canal sealer used, follow-up time, and coronal measurement region.

The reproducibility of the color measurement protocol was assessed through intraobserver and interobserver agreement analyses. These assessments were performed on the contralateral homologous teeth of the same participants, rather than on a separate group of patients. For interobserver agreement, color measurements were performed by two examiners using the same standardized protocol. For intraobserver agreement, the measurements were repeated by the same examiner after a four-week interval. Intraobserver and interobserver agreement were evaluated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).

• AH Plus Root Canal Sealer (Device): AH Plus, an epoxy resin-based root canal sealer, was mixed in equal proportions according to the manufacturer's instructions. A thin layer of the sealer was applied to the master gutta-percha cone, and root canal obturation was completed using the cold lateral condensation technique.
• BioRoot RCS Root Canal Sealer (Device): BioRoot RCS, a calcium silicate-based root canal sealer, was prepared according to the manufacturer's instructions by mixing one scoop of powder with five drops of liquid for 60 seconds. The sealer was applied to the master gutta-percha cone, and root canal obturation was completed using the cold lateral condensation technique.

Primary outcomes

• Change in Tooth Color Measured by CIEDE2000 (ΔE00) [12 months]: Tooth color was measured using a VITA Easyshade Advance 4.0 spectrophotometer at the cervical, middle, and incisal regions. CIELAB L*, a*, and b* values were recorded, and the overall color difference from baseline was calculated using the CIEDE2000 formula (ΔE00). Higher ΔE00 values indicate a greater overall color change.

Secondary outcomes

• Changes in CIELAB Color Parameters (L*, a*, and b*) [12 months]: Changes in the CIELAB color parameters L*, a*, and b* from baseline were evaluated separately at the cervical, middle, and incisal regions. L* represents lightness, a* represents the red-green axis, and b* represents the yellow-blue axis.

Sex: All, ages: 18 Years to any, accepts healthy volunteers

Inclusion Criteria:

* Permanent and vital maxillary anterior tooth requiring primary root canal treatment.
* Single-rooted and single-canaled tooth.
* Complete root development.
* No coronal restoration that could affect baseline color measurement.
* No evident pre-existing tooth discoloration that could affect baseline color measurement.
* Willingness to participate in the study and attend all scheduled follow-up visits.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Non-vital or necrotic tooth.
* History of dental trauma.
* Internal or external root resorption.
* Previous root canal treatment.
* Previous tooth bleaching treatment.
* Extensive coronal restoration.
* Veneer or full-crown restoration.
* Structural enamel or dentin defects that could affect baseline color assessment.
* Inability or unwillingness to comply with the scheduled follow-up visits.