Effect of Simulation-Based First Aid and Basic Health Training Grounded in the 5E Model on Knowledge and Skills of Parents of Children With Special Needs: This Workshop Brings Life!
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All trials for First Aid Training All trials for Health Education All trials of 5E Model-Based Simulation Training Group All trials of Standard Training Group
-Summary
Childhood accidents and sudden health emergencies are significant public health concerns that may lead to severe injury or death. Parents, as primary caregivers, play a critical role in providing timely first aid and basic health interventions; however, studies indicate that their knowledge and practical skills are often limited, particularly among families of children with special needs. Therefore, structured training programs are essential. This study aims to evaluate the effect of 5E (Engage, Explore, Explain, Elaborate, and Evaluate)model-based simulation training in first aid and basic health on the knowledge and practical skills of parents of children with special needs. By integrating active learning, hands-on workshops, and interactive teaching methods, the program seeks to enhance theoretical knowledge and practical competence, ultimately supporting safer and more effective responses to pediatric emergencies.
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+Arms and interventions
| Arm | Type | Interventions | Description |
|---|
| control | No intervention | | Participants in the Control Group will not receive any theoretical instruction, practice, or simulation-based training during the study period and will be observed as a no-intervention control group. |
| 5E Model-Based Simulation Training Group | Experimental | Other: 5E Model-Based Simulation Training Group | Participants in the 5E Model-Based Simulation Training Group will receive a comprehensive five-week training program including theoretical instruction, mannequin-based practice, and simulation-based scenarios. The simulation-based activities will cover common pediatric emergencies such as airway obstruction, loss of consciousness, bleeding, dehydration, psychological first aid, and basic life support. |
| Standard Training Group | Experimental | Other: Standard Training Group | Participants in the Standard Training Group will receive a five-week training program with the same duration and educational content as the 5E Model-Based Simulation Training Group, including theoretical instruction and mannequin-based practice, but without simulation-based scenarios. This design will allow the assessment of the added effect of 5E model-based simulation training on training effectiveness. |
- 5E Model-Based Simulation Training Group (Other): Participants in the 5E Model-Based Simulation Training Group will receive a comprehensive five-week training program based on the 5E instructional model, including theoretical instruction, mannequin-based practice, and simulation-based scenarios. The simulation-based activities will cover common pediatric emergencies such as airway obstruction, loss of consciousness, bleeding, dehydration, psychological first aid, and basic life support
- Standard Training Group (Other): Participants in the Standard Training Group will receive a five-week training program with the same duration and educational content as the 5E Model-Based Simulation Training Group, including theoretical instruction and mannequin-based practice, but without simulation-based scenarios. This design will allow the assessment of the added effect of 5E model-based simulation training on training effectiveness.
+Outcome measures
Primary outcomes
- Parent and Child Descriptive Information Form, [Pre-training assessment(to)=Before the first training session (November 6, 2026)]: The Parent and Child Descriptive Information Form is a 10-item form used to collect demographic and background information about the parents and their children with special needs. The form includes questions regarding the participant's age, sex, education level, marital status, employment status, economic status, duration of providing care to the child with special needs, previous participation in similar training programs, and the age and sex of the child receiving care.
- First Aid Knowledge Assessment Form: [Pre-training assessment(t0) and Post-training assessment(t1)=Before the first training session (November 6, 2026) and immediately after the fifth training session (December 4, 2026)]: The First Aid Knowledge Assessment Form is a 30-item instrument used to assess parents' knowledge of first aid. It evaluates knowledge related to general first aid, basic life support, foreign body airway obstruction, injuries, bleeding and shock, disorders of consciousness, burns, heatstroke and frostbite, fractures, dislocations and sprains, and poisoning. Each item is answered as "Yes," "No," or "I don't know." Correct responses are scored as 1 point, whereas incorrect or "I don't know" responses are scored as 0 points. Total scores range from 0 to 30.
- Basic Health Education Knowledge Assessment Form: [Pre-training assessment(t0) and Post-training assessment(t1)=Before the first training session (November 6, 2026) and immediately after the fifth training session (December 4, 2026)]: The Basic Health Education Knowledge Assessment Form is a 14-item instrument developed by the researchers to assess parents' knowledge of topics covered in the basic health education program. The form evaluates knowledge related to pediatric emergencies, nutrition, home health and safety, and psychological first aid. Each item is answered as "Yes," "No," or "I don't know." Correct responses are scored as 1 point, whereas incorrect or "I don't know" responses are scored as 0 points. Total scores range from 0 to 14.
- First Aid Skills Evaluation Form: [Post-training assessment(t1)=Immediately after the fifth training session (December 4, 2026)]: The First Aid Skills Evaluation Form is a 36-item instrument developed by the researchers to assess parents' practical first aid skills. The form evaluates basic first aid, management of airway obstruction, minor bleeding control, and basic life support skills for three age groups: infants (0-1 year), children (1-8 years), and adults. Each skill is rated on a 0-2 scale, with 0 indicating unable or incorrect performance, 1 indicating partially correct or assisted performance, and 2 indicating fully correct performance. Total scores range from 0 to 72.
+Eligibility
Sex: All, ages: 18 Years to 65 Years, accepts healthy volunteers
Inclusion Criteria:
Age 18 years or older Being a parent of a child with special needs Living with the child with special needs Being able to read and write in Turkish Not being a healthcare professional providing care to the child Having no previous first aid training
Exclusion Criteria:
Having a visual or speech impairment Not living with the child with special needs
Withdrawal Criteria:
Voluntary withdrawal from the study Failure to attend the required training sessions during the five-week training program Failure to participate in the post-training assessment
+Publications
- Adeoya, A. A., Egawa, S., Adeoya, A. S., Nagatomi, R.; Improving child nutrition in disasters by developing a modeled disaster preparedness nutrition education curriculum; Frontiers in Public Health; 2023; 11; 1293875. Akyol, C., Çiftçi, D. S.; Çoklu ortam tasarımı destekli yapılandırmacı öğretim etkinliklerinin öğrencilerin akademik başarılarına etkisi; OPUS International Journal of Society Researches; 2020; 16(31); 4077-4096. Al Daccache, M., Abi Zeid, B., Hojeij, L., Baliki, G., Brück, T., Ghattas, H.; Systematic review on the impacts of agricultural interventions on food security and nutrition in complex humanitarian emergency settings; BMC Nutrition; 2024; 10(1); 60. Biyikli, C., Yağci, E.; 5E Öğrenme Modeli'ne göre düzenlenmiş eğitim durumlarının bilimsel süreç becerilerine etkisi; Ege Eğitim Dergisi; 2014; 15(1); 45. Çakıcı, T. M.; 4-6 Yaş grubu çocuğu olan annelerin ev kazalarını önlemeye yönelik önlemlerinin incelenmesi, ev kazaları ve ilkyardım konusundaki bilgi, tutum ve davranışlarına eğitimin etkisi: Bir müdahale çalışması; Tıpta Uzmanlık Tezi, Erciyes Üniversitesi; 2016. Dilmen Bayar, B., Yaşar Can, S.; Mardin il merkezinde toplu taşıma aracı kullanan şoförlerin ilk yardım bilgi ve beceri düzeylerinin araştırılması; Avrasya Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi; 2020; 3(3); 184-189. Dinçer, İ., Balcı, U. G., Harputluoğlu, N., Anıl, M.; Evaluation of the level of basic first aid knowledge of parents; Journal of Pediatric Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine; 2025; 12(1); 14-21. Eldeniz-Çetin, M.; Özel gereksinimli bireylerin tercihlerinin değerlendirilmesi; Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Özel Eğitim Dergisi; 2017; 18(2); 309-328. Freeman, S., Eddy, S. L., McDonough, M., Smith, M. K., Okoroafor, N., Jordt, H., Wenderoth, M. P.; Active learning increases student performance in science, engineering, and mathematics; Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences; 2014; 111(23); 8410-8415. García-Blaya, J. Á., Abraldes, J. A., Vaquero-Cristóbal, R.; As
- Garcia-Blaya JA, Abraldes JA, Vaquero-Cristobal R. Assessment of First Aid Knowledge at Different Stages of Education. Healthcare (Basel). 2025 Jun 24;13(13):1507. doi: 10.3390/healthcare13131507. PMID 40648532
- Freeman S, Eddy SL, McDonough M, Smith MK, Okoroafor N, Jordt H, Wenderoth MP. Active learning increases student performance in science, engineering, and mathematics. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014 Jun 10;111(23):8410-5. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1319030111. Epub 2014 May 12. PMID 24821756
- Al Daccache M, Abi Zeid B, Hojeij L, Baliki G, Bruck T, Ghattas H. Systematic review on the impacts of agricultural interventions on food security and nutrition in complex humanitarian emergency settings. BMC Nutr. 2024 Apr 19;10(1):60. doi: 10.1186/s40795-024-00864-8. PMID 38641632
- Akyol, C., Çiftçi, D. S.; Çoklu ortam tasarımı destekli yapılandırmacı öğretim etkinliklerinin öğrencilerin akademik başarılarına etkisi; OPUS International Journal of Society Researches; 2020; 16(31); 4077-4096.
- Adeoya AA, Egawa S, Adeoya AS, Nagatomi R. Improving child nutrition in disasters by developing a modeled disaster preparedness nutrition education curriculum. Front Public Health. 2023 Dec 7;11:1293875. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1293875. eCollection 2023. PMID 38131021