TEAM-BASED LEARNING WITH FLASHCARDS IN ANATOMY EDUCATION

This study was designed as a randomized controlled trial with experimental and control groups, using a pre-test-post-test design.

The experimental group students completed an upper extremity muscle anatomy knowledge test before their anatomy lab class (pre-test). The students in the experimental group were randomly divided into 10 teams. Each team was given one week to study the upper extremity muscles amongst themselves. Afterward, teamwork was conducted in the anatomy lab. In each team, one student took turns reading five questions from flashcards to their teammates. Team members discussed the questions and provided a common answer within 30 seconds. Each team worked at separate tables. After completing the flashcard assignment, the Upper Extremity Muscle Anatomy Knowledge Test and a 'Feedback Form' were administered as post-tests.

The control group students also completed the 'Upper Extremity Muscle Anatomy Knowledge Test' before their anatomy lab class (pre-test). Following the theoretical lectures, students worked individually with anatomy models in the anatomy lab without any additional activities. After completing the lab class, the 'Upper Extremity Muscle Anatomy Knowledge Test' was administered as a post-test.

• Experimental arm (Other): Team learning supported by flashcards

Primary outcomes

• Upper Extremity Muscles Anatomy Knowledge Test [The 'Upper Extremity Muscles Anatomy Knowledge Test' pre-test was completed in April 2026 before the intervention, and the post-test was completed in May 2026 immediately after the intervention.]: The study evaluated the effect of a team-based question-and-answer method supported by flashcards in teaching upper extremity muscles on students' academic achievement, using a 'Upper Extremity Muscles Anatomy Knowledge Test' prepared by the researchers. A randomized controlled trial with a pre-test-post-test design was conducted with experimental and control groups. The 'Upper Extremity Muscles Anatomy Knowledge Test', prepared for both pre-test and post-test, was administered to students before and after the team-based question-and-answer method supported by flashcards. The 'Upper Extremity Muscles Anatomy Knowledge Test', prepared by the researchers, consists of 20 questions, each with five options.

Sex: All, ages: 17 Years to any, accepts healthy volunteers

Inclusion Criteria:

* Students in the first year of Giresun University Faculty of Medicine
* Students who volunteer to participate in the study
* Students who have a smartphone/computer and internet access

Exclusion Criteria:

* Upperclassmen and students taking the course
* who do not have a smartphone/computer
* who do not have internet access
* students who are unwilling to participate in the study