Transjugular and Transfemoral Embolization for Varicocele.

NCT07764900 — Not applicable, Recruiting, 30 participants, Sohag University

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Combined Role of Transjugular and Transfemoral Embolization in the Management of Varicocele.

Registry	NCT07764900
Status	Recruiting
Phase	Not applicable
Study type	Interventional; na, single group, masking: none, treatment
Enrollment	30 (Estimated)
Sponsor	Sohag University (Other)
Conditions	Varicocele
Interventions	Percutaneous Varicocele Embolization Using N-Butyl Cyanoacrylate (NBCA) (Procedure)
Dates	start 2026-04-10, primary completion 2027-03-10 (estimated), completion 2027-05-10 (estimated), first posted 2026-08-14, last updated 2026-08-14
Locations	1 site in Egypt

-Summary

This prospective study will evaluate two different approaches for performing embolization to treat varicocele, a condition in which the veins around the testicle become enlarged. Thirty patients with varicocele will undergo embolization using either a transjugular approach, through a vein in the neck, or a transfemoral approach, through a vein in the groin. The choice of approach will depend on the patient's venous anatomy and the feasibility of the procedure. Patients will be followed up at one and three months after the procedure to assess treatment effectiveness, symptom improvement, and any complications.

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+Arms and interventions

Arm	Type	Interventions	Description
Percutaneous Varicocele Embolization	Experimental	Procedure: Percutaneous Varicocele Embolization Using N-Butyl Cyanoacrylate (NBCA)

Percutaneous Varicocele Embolization Using N-Butyl Cyanoacrylate (NBCA) (Procedure): Percutaneous varicocele embolization will be performed under fluoroscopic guidance using a transvenous approach, either transfemoral or transjugular, according to the venous anatomy and operator preference. Selective catheterization of the internal spermatic vein will be performed, followed by embolization using N-butyl cyanoacrylate (NBCA) glue. Technical success will be assessed by completion venography demonstrating occlusion of the targeted varicocele veins and absence of significant residual venous reflux.

+Outcome measures

Primary outcomes

Change in Pain Intensity Measured by the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). [1 month after the procedure]: Pain intensity will be assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), ranging from 0 to 10, where 0 indicates no pain and 10 indicates the worst imaginable pain. A decrease in the VAS score indicates improvement in pain. The change in VAS score from baseline to 1 month after varicocele embolization will be assessed.

Secondary outcomes

Change in Pain Intensity Measured by the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) at 3 Months. [3 months after the procedure]: Pain intensity will be assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), ranging from 0 to 10, where 0 indicates no pain and 10 indicates the worst imaginable pain. A decrease in the VAS score indicates improvement in pain. The change in VAS score from baseline to 3 months after varicocele embolization will be assessed.
Change in Maximum Diameter of the Pampiniform Plexus Veins on Doppler Ultrasound [3 months after the procedure]: The maximum diameter of the pampiniform plexus veins will be measured using color and spectral Doppler ultrasound before and after varicocele embolization. A decrease in the maximum venous diameter indicates improvement. The change in venous diameter from baseline to 3 months after the procedure will be assessed.
Resolution of Venous Reflux on Doppler Ultrasound [3 months after the procedure]: Venous reflux will be assessed using color and spectral Doppler ultrasound. Resolution of reflux will be defined as the absence of demonstrable venous reflux after varicocele embolization. The presence or absence of venous reflux will be assessed at 3 months after the procedure.

+Eligibility

Sex: Male, ages: 16 Years to 60 Years

Inclusion Criteria:

* 1\. Male patients aged 16-60 years. 2. Clinically palpable varicocele (Grade II or III) or subclinical varicocele associated with abnormal semen parameters.

  3\. Recurrent varicocele following previous surgical treatment. 4. Presence of scrotal pain, testicular atrophy, or infertility attributed to varicocele.

  5\. Willingness to participate in the study and provide written informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

\- 1. Secondary varicocele due to a retroperitoneal mass or renal vein obstruction.

2\. Known allergy to iodinated contrast media. 3. Coagulation disorders or contraindications to endovascular procedures.

+Locations (1)

Facility	City	Country	Status
Sohag University - Faculty of Medicine	Sohag, Sohag Governorate	Egypt	Recruiting