THE EFFECTS OF HPV VACCİNATİON AND MESSAGE FRAMİNG

NCT07614009 — Not applicable, Completed, 177 participants, Ankara Medipol University

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THE EFFECT OF GAIN AND LOSS FRAMING MESSAGES ON RISK PERCEPTION AND KNOWLEDGE LEVELS REGARDING HPV VACCINATION AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL

Registry	NCT07614009
Status	Completed
Phase	Not applicable
Study type	Interventional; randomized, parallel, masking: none, prevention
Enrollment	177 (Actual)
Sponsor	Ankara Medipol University (Other)
Conditions	Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccination, Message Framing, Vaccination Intention
Interventions	Gain-Framed HPV Vaccination Message, Loss-Framed HPV Vaccination Message (Behavioral)
Dates	start 2025-10-16, primary completion 2026-01-25, completion 2026-01-25, first posted 2026-05-29, last updated 2026-05-29
Locations	1 site in Turkey (Türkiye)

-Summary

Background: University students are at high risk for HPV infection, while HPV vaccination rates remain low. Message framing strategies may influence vaccination-related perceptions and intentions.

Objective: This study aims to compare the effects of gain- and loss-framed HPV vaccination messages on HPV risk perception, HPV knowledge, and vaccination intention among university students.

Methods: This randomized controlled experimental study includes university students from the health sciences faculty of a foundation university. Participants are assigned to gain-framed, loss-framed, and control groups. Data are collected using the Human Papillomavirus Knowledge Scale and the HPV Risk Perception Questionnaire. Statistical analyses include one-way ANOVA, two-way ANOVA, and Chi-square tests. The study is designed in accordance with CONSORT 2010 and EQUATOR Network reporting guidelines.

Keywords: message framing; gain-loss framing; human papillomavirus; vaccination

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+Detailed description

This randomized controlled experimental study examines the effects of gain- and loss-framed HPV vaccination messages on university students' HPV knowledge, risk perception, and vaccination intention. A total of 927 university students were assigned to gain-framed, loss-framed, and control groups. The study evaluates the relationship between message framing and vaccination-related outcomes among university students.

+Arms and interventions

Arm	Type	Interventions	Description
Gain-Framed Group	Experimental	Behavioral: Gain-Framed HPV Vaccination Message	Participants received gain-framed HPV vaccination messages.
Loss-Framed Group	Experimental	Behavioral: Loss-Framed HPV Vaccination Message	Participants received loss-framed HPV vaccination messages.
Control Group	No intervention		Participants did not receive framed HPV vaccination messages.

Gain-Framed HPV Vaccination Message (Behavioral): Participants received gain-framed messages emphasizing the benefits of HPV vaccination.
Loss-Framed HPV Vaccination Message (Behavioral): Participants received loss-framed messages emphasizing the consequences of not receiving HPV vaccination.

+Outcome measures

Primary outcomes

HPV vaccination intention [Immediately after message exposure]: Participant intention to receive the HPV vaccine measured immediately after message exposure using a self-reported vaccination intention scale.

+Eligibility

Sex: All, ages: 18 Years to 45 Years, accepts healthy volunteers

Inclusion Criteria:

* Aged 18 years or older
* Voluntarily agrees to participate in the study
* Has not received formal education about HPV through a course or class

Exclusion Criteria:

* Has received the HPV vaccine
* Has participated in formal education about HPV through a course or class
* Has a current or previous positive HPV test result or HPV diagnosis

+Locations (1)

Facility	City	Country	Status
Ankara Medipol Üniversitesi	Ankara, Ankara	Turkey (Türkiye)