Validity and Reliability of Kinovea Software Measurement of Lumbar Extensibility Using Modified-Modified Schober Test

Reduced lumbar mobility has been associated with various musculoskeletal alterations, including low back pain, changes in movement patterns, and increased risk of spinal disorders. Lumbar range of motion is considered a crucial parameter in determining disability for compensation claims and litigation worldwide.

The Modified-Modified Schober Test (MMST) is a widely used clinical tool for assessing lumbar range of motion, particularly flexion. This test utilizes the posterior superior iliac spines (PSIS) as the lower anatomical landmark and a point 15 cm above as the upper landmark, measuring the increase in distance during forward flexion.

Despite some limitations, the MMST remains a recommended clinical tool due to its simplicity and established reliability.

Regarding extensibility measurement, recent research has demonstrated that Kinovea software exhibits excellent intra-rater reliability, excellent inter-rater reliability, and strong criterion validity for measuring hamstring extensibility using the sit and reach test when compared to traditional tape measurements.

Therefore, this study aims to fill this research gap by measuring the validity \& reliability of Kinovea software program in measuring lumbar extensibility using the Modified-Modified Schober Test by examining the psychometric properties of Kinovea for lumbar spine assessment as the kinovea software is low cost, provide more accurate data and easy to use.

• (Other)

Primary outcomes

• Validity of Kinovea Software Measurement [1 year]: To evaluate criterion validity the trials of Modified-Modified Schober test will be concurrently captured by a video camera. Each video underwent downloading onto a computer, followed by analysis using Kinovea software and correlating the results of Modified-Modified Schober Test with those of the kinovea software.
• Intra-rater reliability of Kinovea Software Measurement [1 year]: To evaluate Intra-rater reliability, the 1st examiner will analyze the video that will be recorded at the 1st assessment and 1 week later using kinovea and the results will be compared.
• Inter-rater reliability of Kinovea Software Measurement [1 year]: To evaluate Inter-rater reliability, 1st and 2nd examiner will analyze the video recorded in the 1st assessment using kinovea and the results will be compared.

Sex: All, ages: 18 Years to 25 Years, accepts healthy volunteers

Inclusion Criteria:

* The subjects' ages range from 18 to 25 years old.

  * Subjects from both genders.
  * Body mass index: 18-24.9 Kg/m2
  * Waist-Hip ratio: Male: 0.9 to 1, Female: 0.85

Exclusion Criteria:

* The following subjects will be excluded from the study patients with:

  * Lumber Disc prolapse.
  * Spinal fixation.
  * Spinal deformities like scoliosis and kyphosis.
  * Hamstring injury.
  * Hip, knee and ankle orthopedic problems.
  * Shoulders, Elbow and Wrist orthopedic problems.
  * Athletes.
  * Pregnant woman.
  * Colon.
  * Subject takes any muscle relaxant.

• Dina Ramadan, master, Study chair, Delta University for Science and Technology