Prevalence of Latent Tuberculosis Infection Among Hemodialysis Patients

Patients receiving chronic hemodialysis are at increased risk of developing tuberculosis due to impaired immune function and frequent exposure to healthcare environments. Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is particularly concerning in this population as it may progress to active disease, leading to increased morbidity and mortality. Early detection of LTBI among hemodialysis patients is essential to reduce this risk.

This cross-sectional study will be conducted at Sohag University Hospital. Two step tuberculin skin test (TST) will be administered to eligible adult patients undergoing regular hemodialysis, the first injection sitewill be examined between 48to 72 hours, and if negative, asecond booster injection will be given 1 to 2 weeks later. The prevalence of LTBI will be assessed by calculating the percentage of patients with a positive TST result (induration ≥10 mm ). Secondary analyses will examine associations between TST positivity and demographic or clinical variables, including age, sex, duration of dialysis, and comorbidities. The results are expected to contribute to local data on the burden of LTBI and to support preventive healthcare strategies in this vulnerable group.

• Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) (Diagnostic test): Intradermal injection of 5 unit (0.1 mm) of purified protein derivative (PPD) with measurement of induration after 48-72 hours.

Primary outcomes

• Prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection among hemodialysis patients. [Within 72 hours after TST administration.]: Percentage of patients with positive tuberculin skin test (defined as induration ≥10 mm).

Sex: All, ages: 18 Years to 100 Years

Inclusion Criteria:

Age ≥ 18 years Patients on regular hemodialysis Able and willing to provide informed consent

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Exclusion Criteria:

* active TB patients

• Fatma A Ibrahim, MSc, Principal investigator, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University