Rapid Response of Stem Cells and Immune Cells for Efficacy

This clinical trial aims at documenting acute effects of consuming four products through evaluation of stem cell surveillance and mitochondrial resilience.

Data on stem cell trafficking will be collected. The testing will show whether consuming the products leads to a rapid change in stem cell surveillance. Data on cellular energy production and mitochondrial resilience in white blood cells under oxidative and inflammatory stress ex vivo will be collected. This testing will show whether consuming the test products leads to support of energy production within mitochondria, under normal and stressed conditions.

• Placebo (Dietary supplement): 2 capsules
• Chaga Mushroom (Dietary supplement): 2 capsules
• Ginseng extract (Dietary supplement): 2 capsules
• Olive extract (Dietary supplement): 2 capsules
• Potassium Hydrogen Glucarate (Dietary supplement): 2 capsules

Primary outcomes

• Stem cell trafficking [Baseline. 1 hour, 2 hours, and 3 hours after ingestion of study drug]: Changes to the number of stem cells in the blood circulation (number of cells per mL blood). Data is collected on the following types of stem cells: CD45dimCD34+CD309+, CD45dimCD34+CD309-, CD31++CD34-, CD45-CD90+.

Secondary outcomes

• Mitochondrial volume per cell [Baseline. 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 and hours after ingestion of study drug]: Mitochondrial volume per cell under unstressed, oxidative stress, and inflammatory stress ex vivo. White blood cells are purified and cultured ex vivo in unstressed versus inflamed culture conditions. The mitochondrial reporter dye MitoTracker is used to obtain relative measures of mitochondrial volume per cell using flow cytometry, where the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) is quantified on lymphocytes, monocytes, and PMN cells.
• Mitochondrial membrane potential per cell [Baseline. 1 hour, 2 hours, and 3 hours after ingestion of study drug]: Cellular energy production under unstressed, oxidative stress, and inflammatory stress ex vivo. White blood cells are purified and cultured ex vivo in unstressed versus inflamed culture conditions. The mitochondrial reporter dye JC-1 is a fluorescent cationic dye used to obtain relative measures of mitochondrial membrane potential per cells, using flow cytometry, where the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) is quantified on lymphocytes, monocytes, and PMN cells.

Sex: All, ages: 18 Years to 75 Years, accepts healthy volunteers

Inclusion Criteria:

* Healthy adults;
* Age 18 - 75 years (inclusive);
* BMI between 18.0 and 34.9 (inclusive);
* Veins easy to see in one or both arms (to allow for the multiple blood draws);
* Willing to comply with study procedures, including:

  * Maintaining a consistent diet and lifestyle routine throughout the study,
  * Consistent habit of bland breakfasts on days of clinic visits,
  * Abstaining from exercising and nutritional supplements on the morning of a study visit,
  * Abstaining from use of coffee, tea, and soft drinks for at least one hour prior to a clinic visit;
  * Abstaining from music, candy, gum, computer/cell phone use (airplane mode is allowed), during clinic visits.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Previous major gastrointestinal surgery (absorption of test product may be altered) (minor surgery not a problem, including previous removal of appendix and gall bladder);
* Taking anti-inflammatory medications on a daily basis;
* Currently experiencing intense stressful events/ life changes;
* Currently in intensive athletic training (such as marathon runners);
* Currently taking antipsychotic medications such as clozapine, Risperdal, Abilify, Zyprexa or Seroquel;
* An unusual sleep routine (examples: working graveyard shift, irregular routine with frequent late nights, studying, partying);
* Unwilling to maintain a constant intake of supplements over the duration of the study;
* Anxiety about having blood drawn;
* Pregnant, nursing, or trying to become pregnant;
* Known food allergies related to ingredients in active test product or placebo.