Micro Ribonucleic Acid (miRNA) Expression and Inflammatory Factors in Patients With Parkinson's and Periodontal Disease

A total of 51 individuals, 35 systemically healthy and 16 with Parkinson's disease and both dental and periodontal health, were included in the study.Clinical periodontal parameters, DMFT data and salivary flow rates were recorded.Unstimulated saliva samples were taken from each participant and miRNA was evaluated by RT-qPCR method.ELISA method was used to measure TNF α values in collected saliva and serum samples.

• Saliva and Serum (Other): Saliva were collected to analyze the selected markers as unstimulated samples during the early hours of the day. The saliva was centrifuged and then transferred into Eppendorf tubes. Venous puncture was performed after saliva collection and 10 mL of blood samples were collected by qualified staff from each participant.Saliva and serum were then stored at -80 °C until analysis.
• Saliva and Serum (Other): ELISA method will be used to measure TNF-α values in collected saliva and serum samples.RT-qPCR based miRNA gene expression analyses will be performed with 2-step qRT-PCR Kits (Thermofisher Scientific, MA, USA).

Primary outcomes

• 1. Pocket probing depth [6 months]: Measurement of the depth of a sulcus or periodontal pocket determined by measuring distance from a gingival margin to the base of the sulcus or pocket with a calibrated periodontal probe.
• 2.Clinical attachment level [6 months]: Clinical attachment level (or loss, CAL) is a more accurate indicator of the periodontal support around a tooth than probing depth alone. CAL is measured from a fixed point on the tooth that does not change, the CEJ. To calculate CAL, two measurements are needed: distance from the gingival margin to the CEJ and probing depth. In recession: probing depth (+) gingival margin to the CEJ (add). In tissue overgrowth: probing depth (-) gingival margin to the CEJ (subtract)
• 3.Bleeding on probing [6 months]: referring to bleeding that is induced by gentle manipulation of the tissue at the depth of the gingival sulcus, or interface between the gingiva and a tooth.

Secondary outcomes

• 4.Saliva and serum samples processing and analyses [1 month]: ELISA method will be used to measure TNF-α values in collected saliva and serum samples.RT-qPCR based miRNA gene expression analyses will be performed with 2-step qRT-PCR Kits (Thermofisher Scientific, MA, USA).

Sex: All, ages: 18 Years to 65 Years, accepts healthy volunteers

Inclusion Criteria:

* dentally and periodontally healthy

  * Systemically healthy with no uncontrolled chronic and/or autoimmune disease
  * No systemic, neurological, or autoimmune disease in addition to Parkinson's disease.

Exclusion Criteria:

* history of regular use of systemic antibiotics anti-inflammatory, or antioxidant drugs (previous 3 months)
* nonsurgical periodontal treatment (previous 6 months)
* surgical periodontal treatment (previous 12 months)
* presence of<20 teeth
* current medications affecting gingival health (calcium channel blockers, phenytoin, cyclosporine, and hormone replacement therapy)
* diabetes
* diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis
* pregnancy
* lactating
* smoking
* excessive alcohol consumption.