Does Style of Pre-sedation Instructions Improve Patient Outcomes in Ambulatory Anesthesia for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery?

• Guided visualization and standardized pre-sedation instructions (Behavioral): One arm will receive standardized pre-sedation instructions, as well as one-minute guided visualization.
• Standardized pre-sedation instructions only (Behavioral): One arm will receive standardized pre-sedation instructions only.

Primary outcomes

• Anesthesia Experience Survey [Within 2 hours of the completion of surgery]: A seven-point survey given after the patient meets Aldrete score discharge criteria, asking the following: how the patient rates their pre-operative anxiety level (0-10), if the patient has any recall of surgery (0 for none, 1 for a little, 2 for everything), if the patient remembers any pain during surgery (0 for none, 1 for a little, 2 for a lot), if the patient feels any nausea (0 for none, 1 for a little, 2 for a lot, 3 for vomiting), if the patient feels any pain now (0 for none, 1 for a little, 2 for a lot), if the patient feels any itching (0 for none, 1 for a little, 2 for a lot), and how satisfied the patient is overall with the sedation/anesthesia experience (0-10).
• Face-Legs-Activity-Cry-Consolability (FLACC) [During local anesthesia, during surgery, and fifteen minutes after surgery has concluded]: Face-Legs-Activity-Cry-Consolability (FLACC) is a behavioral scale primarily designed for scoring postoperative pain in infants and young children, but can also be used to assess intraoperative and postoperative pain in adults undergoing intravenous sedation. The scale gives 0, 1, or 2 points for each of the following: the appearance of the patient's face, the appearance of the patient's legs, the amount of activity, the presence of crying, and the extent of consolability, for a total of 10 points. 0-3 points corresponds to mild pain, 4-6 to moderate pain, and 7-10 to severe pain. The scores will be taken at three points in time during the anesthetic - during local anesthesia, during surgery, and fifteen minutes after surgery has concluded.
• Amount of medications used during the sedation [During the sedation]: The amount of each medication utilized during the sedation will be documented.
• Length of sedation [During the sedation]: The length of sedation will be measured, with the start point as the administration of the first sedative medication, and the endpoint as the end of phase I of anesthesia recovery, which will be determined with the Aldrete Scoring System.

Sex: All, ages: 8 Years to 70 Years

Inclusion Criteria:

* Subjects within ages 8 to 70.
* Subjects planned for ambulatory intravenous sedation in the oral and maxillofacial surgery clinic.
* Ability to understand verbal English or understand instructions using a sign-language or voice interpreter of their native language.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Subjects who cannot understand the instructions, even with an interpreter (extremes of age, cognitive impairments, severe psychiatric disease that may affect participation)
* Subjects not undergoing intravenous sedation (oral sedation, nitrous oxide, local anesthesia)
* Subjects undergoing anesthesia in other environments (gastrointestinal suite, operating rooms, interventional radiology)