The Efficacy of Olfactory Training Intervention on Olfactory and Other Non-motor Symptoms in PD

• Olfactory training (Device): Olfactory training used repeated stimulation of different olfactory substances at high concentrations, combined with odor association and odor identification training, twice in the morning and evening, each time for 5 minutes, for 15 weeks.

Primary outcomes

• Olfactory Function Test [baseline;15 weeks]: The olfactory test developed by the Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences was used to evaluate the olfactory ability, including threshold, discrimination, and recognition.

Secondary outcomes

• MoCA [baseline;15 weeks]
• Pittsburgh sleep quality index [baseline;15 week]
• HAMA [baseline;15week]
• HAMD [baseline;15 week]

Sex: All, ages: 40 Years to 75 Years

Inclusion Criteria:

1. PD was diagnosed according to the criteria of Movement Disorders and Parkinson Disease Group of Chinese Society of Neurology of Chinese Medical Association.
2. Olfactory score was 1 standard deviation lower than the corresponding age norm;
3. no medication plan in the past four weeks or no change in medication plan in the past four weeks, which can be maintained until the end of the experiment; 4.40-75 years old, with normal vision, hearing and language understanding and expression ability;

5.Good cooperation of patients

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Parkinson\'s syndrome and Parkinson\'s plus syndrome caused by cerebrovascular disease, encephalitis, trauma, drugs, etc.;
2. Neuropsychiatric diseases that may affect the sense of smell, such as depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, etc.;
3. History of nasal disease or surgery, such as rhinitis, sinusitis, nasal septum deviation, etc. Upper respiratory tract infection in the past 3 weeks;
4. Long-term smoking and occupations that inhale chemical irritants for a long time.