Robot-Assisted Gait Training With Self-Observation in Stroke Rehabilitation

• experimental 1 group (Behavioral): A camera is installed on the walker used in the training, and the recorded video is mirrored in real-time to a tablet computer. Participants can view this video through smart glasses connected to the tablet computer. A glasses strap will be used to secure the glasses, ensuring there is no interference with walking. Participants will undergo a total of 20 training sessions, five times a week for four weeks, with each session lasting 30 minutes. Participants will have a 4-minute break during the 30-minute gait training session. Participants will be given a period to adapt to wearing the robot, and after that, the intervention will be conducted based on each participant's individual abilities and adaptation.
• experimental 2 group (Behavioral): Participants will undergo a total of 20 training sessions, five times a week for four weeks, with each session lasting 30 minutes. Participants will have a 4-minute break during the 30-minute gait training session. Participants will be given a period to adapt to wearing the robot, and after that, the intervention will be conducted based on each participant's individual abilities and adaptation.

Primary outcomes

• Balance ability [from enrollment to the end of treatment at 4 weeks]: \- Timed up and go test (TUG) Participants sit on a chair with armrests, rise upon hearing a starting signal, walk 3 meters, return, and sit back down. The speed of this task is measured. Participants may use usual walking aids (cane or walker) but should not receive physical assistance. \- Functional Reach Test (FRT) Participants stand against a wall with feet fixed vertically, arms raised to 90 degrees, reaching forward as far as possible while measuring the distance (in cm) from the tip of the third metacarpal bone.
• Gait ability [from enrollment to the end of treatment at 4 weeks]: -10 meter walking test (10MWT) The walking speed is calculated by measuring the time (in seconds) takes for the subject to walk 10 meters. Instructed to walk a total of 14 meters at maximum speed, excluding the first 2 meters and the last 2 meters to account for acceleration and deceleration phases. Participants may use personal walking aids (cane, walker, etc.). -GAITRite system (CIR Systems Inc., Franklin, New Jersey, USA) Participants pass over an electronic gait mat to computationally measure temporal and spatial walking variables.

Secondary outcomes

• Cognitive ability [from enrollment to the end of treatment at 4 weeks]: \- Mini-Mental Status Examination-Korea, (MMSE-K) Consists of memory, recall ability, attention, language skills, numerical ability, and constructional ability. Memory has 10 points, registration has 3 points, attention and calculation have 5 points, recall has 3 points, language function has 7 points, and comprehension and judgment have 2 points, totaling six areas and twelve items

Sex: All, ages: 30 Years to 80 Years

Inclusion Criteria:

* Participants who have had a stroke for more than 6 months but less than 1 year
* Functional Ambulation Category (FAC) ≥ 2
* Able to walk 10 meters independently with or without an assistive device
* Participants eligible for application of the robot (ANGEL LEGS M20, Anger Robotics)

Exclusion Criteria:

* Inability to wear the robot due to open wounds or skin conditions
* Severe cognitive impairment (MMSE-K < 10) or significant difficulty in communication due to language disorders
* Spasticity of the paralyzed limb with a Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) ≥ 2
* High risk of fractures, such as osteoporosis
* Severe cardiovascular or pulmonary diseases
* Neurological disorders affecting gait function, such as Parkinson's disease or multiple sclerosis