Evaluation of the Comprehensive Family Support Program (PAIF)

NCT06285552 — Not applicable, Completed, 1429 participants, University of Seville

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Registry	NCT06285552
Status	Completed
Phase	Not applicable
Study type	Interventional; non randomized, parallel, masking: none, prevention
Enrollment	1429 (Actual)
Sponsor	University of Seville (Other); collaborators: Gobierno de Cantabria, Loyola University, University of Jaen
Conditions	Parenting
Interventions	Positive parenting PAIF program (Behavioral)
Dates	start 2024-02-20, primary completion 2025-12-23, completion 2025-12-23, first posted 2024-02-29, last updated 2026-05-04
Locations	1 site in Spain

-Summary

The goal of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of positive parenting programs targeted to parents of toddlers, children and adolescents carried out in Cantabria (Spain).

We will collect information from the participants before the intervention, in the last session of the program and some months after, to verify if there have been some changes in the family dynamics of these parents, and if these changes continue after some time. Besides, we will compare these results with information from other families that are not taking part in the program. The main caregivers of the participating families and the practitioners in charge of the intervention will provide the information for the study.

We expect that families participating in the programs will improve their parenting competencies and their family dynamics, and that these change will stay after the program.

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+Detailed description

A quasi-experimental design will be followed, with three evaluation moments (pretest, posttest and follow-up) and with a non-randomized comparison group.

The positive parenting programs will be advertised by social media, schools and high schools. The participants will be parental figures interested in joining these programs.

The participants will answer a series of questionnaires by an app, where they will give information related to sociodemographic data and parenting competencies. The app will not allow the participants to leave any question with no answer or with an incorrect answer.

To analyze the data, we will use the softwares Mplus and Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS).

+Arms and interventions

Arm	Type	Interventions	Description
Parenting newborn	Experimental	Behavioral: Positive parenting PAIF program	Program aimed at community families with children enrolled in Early Childhood Care Centers (from 0 to 2 years old).
Parenting Toddlers	Experimental	Behavioral: Positive parenting PAIF program	Program aimed at community families with children from 2 to 5 years old.
Parenting Children	Experimental	Behavioral: Positive parenting PAIF program	Program aimed at community families with children from 6 to 12 years old.
Parenting Adolescents	Experimental	Behavioral: Positive parenting PAIF program	Program aimed at community families with children from 12 to 18 years old.
Active and Health Families	Experimental	Behavioral: Positive parenting PAIF program	Program aimed at targeted families due identified needs for healthy lifestyle habits
Functional diversity Parenting	Experimental	Behavioral: Positive parenting PAIF program	Program aimed at targeted families whose children and/or adolescents exhibit functional diversity characteristics
Control	No intervention		Families that are not participating in any program as they live in a comparable area where any of the intervention is offered
Parenting as as Father	Experimental	Behavioral: Positive parenting PAIF program	Program aimed at fathers from the community population

Positive parenting PAIF program (Behavioral): Psychoeducational intervention in a group format driven by a practitioner with 6 to 12 sessions where caregivers learn parenting competences

+Outcome measures

Primary outcomes

Perception of the parental role [Pretest, immediately posttest and 6 month follow-up]: Me as a Parent Scale (MaaP), rated on a 5-point Likert-type scale ranging from 1 to 5. Higher scores mean a better outcome.
Parenting practices (Authoritative parenting style: Warmth and Support, Reasoning/Induction, Democratic Participation) [Pretest, immediately posttest and 6 month follow-up]: Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire - Short version (PSDQ-Short version), rated on a 5-point Likert-type scale ranging from 1 to 5. Higher scores mean a better outcome.
Parenting practices (Overreactivity and Laxness) [Pretest, immediately posttest and 6 month follow-up]: Parenting Scale - Short version (PS), rated on a 7-point Likert-type scale ranging from 1 to 7. Higher scores mean a worse outcome.

Secondary outcomes

Satisfaction with the intervention [Immediately Posttest]: Client Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ-4), rated on a 4-point Likert-type scale ranging from 1 to 4. Higher scores mean a better outcome.
Children adjustment [Pretest, immediately posttest and 6 month follow-up]: Kidscreen-10, rated on a 5-point Likert-type scale ranging from 1 to 5. Higher scores mean a better outcome.
Social support [Pretest, immediately posttest and 6 month follow-up]: Ad hoc questionnaire, with 3 items rated on a 5-point Likert-type scale ranging from 1 = Nothing to 4 = A lot ("I feel supported as a father/mother). Higher scores mean a better outcome.
Satisfaction with Family Life [Pretest, posttest and follow-up]: Satisfaction with Family Life Scale (SWFLS), rated on a 7-point Likert-type scale ranging from 1 to 7. Higher scores mean a better outcome.

+Eligibility

Sex: All, accepts healthy volunteers

Inclusion Criteria:

* Being caregiver of at least one child under 18 years of age
* The child to be in the developmental stage appropriate for the corresponding arm
* If participating in a targeted program, meet the requirements: (1) be a father; (2) presenting bad health habits in the family according the evaluation of the pediatrician
* Motivated to improve parenting competences

Exclusion Criteria:

* Not having sufficient command of the Spanish language to be able to communicate
* Experience family crisis that prevent for participating in a group intervention
* Experience mental health issue that prevent for participating in a group intervention

+Locations (1)

Facility	City	Country	Status
Consejería de Inclusión Social, Juventud, Familias E Igualdad	Santander, Cantabria	Spain

+Publications

Hamilton, V., Matthews, J. & Crawford, S. (2015). Development and preliminary validation of a parenting self-regulation scale: "Me as a Parent". Journal of Child & Family Studies. 24(10), 2853-2864. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-014-0089-z
Robinson, C. C., Mandleco, B., Olsen, S. F., & Hart, C. H. (1995). Authoritative, Authoritarian, and Permissive Parenting Practices: Development of a New Measure. Psychological Reports, 77(3), 819-830. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1995.77.3.819
Reitman D, Currier RO, Hupp SD, Rhode PC, Murphy MA, O'Callaghan PM. Psychometric characteristics of the Parenting Scale in a head start population. J Clin Child Psychol. 2001 Dec;30(4):514-24. doi: 10.1207/S15374424JCCP3004_08. PMID 11708239
Larsen DL, Attkisson CC, Hargreaves WA, Nguyen TD. Assessment of client/patient satisfaction: development of a general scale. Eval Program Plann. 1979;2(3):197-207. doi: 10.1016/0149-7189(79)90094-6. No abstract available. PMID 10245370
Ramon B. Zabriskie & Peter J. Ward (2013) Satisfaction With Family Life Scale, Marriage & Family Review, 49:5, 446-463, DOI: 10.1080/01494929.2013.768321