A Study to Evaluate the Impact of Liquid Biopsy in Participants With a Clinical Diagnosis of Advanced Cancer

• FoundationOne® Liquid CDx Assay (Diagnostic test): Participants will undergo liquid biopsy (FoundationOne® Liquid CDx) on blood samples collected once they have a clinical diagnosis of advanced cancer (as per label). Blood samples will be tested using the FoundationOne® Liquid CDx assay at a central laboratory. Results of the FoundationOne® Liquid CDx assay will be provided to the investigator to be used in accordance with professional guidelines in oncology for patients with malignant neoplasms.
• Standard of Care Diagnostic Pathway (Diagnostic test): Participants will undergo the local standard of care diagnostic pathway including tissue biopsy/standard of care (if tissue not available), pathology workup, and molecular workup, according to ESMO guidelines or national guidelines for each tumor type included in this study.

Primary outcomes

• Median Time to Diagnosis [From the date of first request for biopsy (tissue or blood) by a healthcare professional to the date of complete pathologic diagnosis (up to 12 weeks)]

Secondary outcomes

• Median Time to Treatment Recommendation [From the date of first request for biopsy (tissue or blood) by a healthcare professional to the date of investigator's anticancer treatment recommendation (up to 12 weeks)]
• Number of Molecular Testing Failures [Up to 12 weeks]: Molecular testing failure is defined as cases in which the results of liquid biopsy or tissue biopsy/standard of care cannot be delivered to the treating physician.
• Percentage of Participants in Which Comprehensive Genomic Profiling (CGP) Led to a Molecularly Guided Treatment Option (MGTO) Recommendation [Up to 12 weeks]: CGP refers to both the liquid biopsy and the standard of care diagnostic pathway.
• Percentage of Participants Diagnosed with an Actionable Driver Mutation Who Did Not Receive a MGTO Because Anticancer Treatment Needed to Begin Before the CGP Results Were Available [Up to 12 weeks]
• Percentage of Participants With Concordant CGP Results Between the Liquid Biopsy and the Standard of Care Diagnostic Pathway on the Gene Alteration Level [Up to 12 weeks]
• Percentage of Participants in Which Treatment Recommendation Based on Molecular Data from the Liquid Biopsy Were the Same as That Based on the Standard of Care Diagnostic Pathway [Up to 12 weeks]
• Percentage of Participants in Which the MGTO Recommendation Issued Was Discordant Between the Liquid Biopsy Results and the Standard of Care Diagnostic Pathway Results [Up to 12 weeks]
• Incidence and Severity of Liquid Biopsy Sample Collection-Related Adverse Events [Up to 17 weeks]

Sex: All, ages: 18 Years to any

Inclusion Criteria:

* Participants presenting with a clinical diagnosis of advanced cancer, falling into one of the following two clinical presentations:

  i) De novo metastatic lung cancer as evidenced by imaging demonstrating a lung nodule/mass and objective evidence of a metastatic process; OR, ii) De novo metastatic gastrointestinal cancer as evidenced by imaging demonstrating a metastatic process in the abdomen/pelvis
* Participants who are treatment naïve for the metastatic setting under study
* Ability to comply with the study protocol
* Participants must either:

  i) Have a tissue biopsy intended/planned to confirm malignant disease and histology; OR, ii) Have a tissue biopsy already performed but pathology has not yet been finalized.

If a tissue biopsy has already been performed prior to ICF signature, then the subtyping of primary tumor may have already been assessed (i.e., for lung cancer TTF1, p40, and napsin A IHC staining may have already been performed).

Exclusion Criteria:

* Participants deemed not fit for treatment with systemic therapy
* Participants deemed not fit for tissue biopsy
* Participants with hematological neoplasm
* Participants with primary malignant neoplasm of the brain
* Participants with any previous molecular testing (NGS or other methods) e.g., all immunohistochemistry staining recommended by ESMO aiming to define the treatment decision (i.e., for lung cancer ALK, EGFR, and PD-L1 IHC staining must not have already been performed). Participants in which tissue biopsy and primary histotyping have been performed can be included in the study.
* Prior treatment for metastatic cancer with the exception of participants who have already been diagnosed and treated for cancer, other than the cancer type under study, who have no evidence of relapse
* History of malignancy within 5 years prior to screening, with the exception of the cancer under investigation in this study and malignancies with a negligible risk of metastasis or death (e.g., 5-year overall survival rate > 90%), such as adequately treated carcinoma in situ of the cervix, non-melanoma skin carcinoma, localized prostate cancer, ductal carcinoma in situ, or Stage I uterine cancer

• Clinical Trials, Study director, Hoffmann-La Roche