Biomarkers for Intestinal Permeability

This study aims to find easy-to-measure biomarkers of intestinal permeability as surrogate markers for effortful "gold standard" methods. In healthy volunteers potential biomarkers for intestinal permeability as well as an established "gold standard" method for intestinal permeability (urinary lactulose/mannitol excretion) will be measured at one time point. Using correlation analyses, potential associations will be assessed and potential biomarkers will be addressed and discussed.

Primary outcomes

• Lactulose / mannitol ratio [1 day (Single measurement)]: Urinary excretion of lactulose and mannitol

Secondary outcomes

• Fecal albumin [ng/mg] [1 day (Single measurement)]: Potential easy-to-measure biomarker #1
• Fecal calprotectin [ng/mg] [1 day (Single measurement)]: Potential easy-to-measure biomarker #2
• Fecal zonulin [ng/mg] [1 day (Single measurement)]: Potential easy-to-measure biomarker #3
• Plasma lipopolysaccharide binding protein [µg/ml] [1 day (Single measurement)]: Potential easy-to-measure biomarker #4

Sex: All, ages: 18 Years to 70 Years, accepts healthy volunteers

Inclusion Criteria:

* Healthy volunteers
* Written informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

* Underweight (BMI <18 kg / m2) and obesity from grade II (BMI ≥ 30 kg / m2)
* Acute or chronic gastrointestinal diseases
* Chronically consuming diseases (e.g. chronic tumor disease, florid infections, etc.)
* Smokers (12 hours before the test and during the test it is not allowed to smoke)
* Ingestion of intestinal therapeutics, antibiotics, immunosuppressants or similar within the last 3 months
* Simultaneous participation in another clinical study
* Pregnancy / breastfeeding
* Intolerance to the sugar solution
* Occurrence of relevant diseases
* Revocation of consent

• Stephan C Bischoff, Prof. Dr., Principal investigator, University of Hohenheim, Institute of Nutritional Medicine