Prolonged Cardiopulmonary Bypass Time as Predictive Factor for in Hospital Infection

Infectious complications after cardiovascular surgery, especially in operations that use cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), is associated with significant morbidity and increase in peri-operative mortality. Prolonged CPB usage could be predictive for early bloodstream infection following cardia surgery. This study is to analyse the demographics and microbiological factors concerning patients undergoing cardio surgical intervention using CPB complicated with bloodstream infection (BSI) postoperatively.

Primary outcomes

• Incidence of bloodstream infection (BSI) in postoperative period (clinical evidence of sepsis with laboratory-confirmed bacteraemia from blood sample) [within 7 days after a cardiovascular surgery]: Incidence of bloodstream infection (BSI) in postoperative period (clinical evidence of sepsis with laboratory-confirmed bacteraemia from blood sample)
• Extracorporeal circulation time during surgery (minutes) [one time assessment at baseline]: Extracorporeal circulation time during surgery (minutes)
• In-hospital mortality (number) for patients with BSI vs those without BSI after a cardiovascular surgery [during hospital stay (usually up to 4 weeks)]: In-hospital mortality is defined as death before discharge
• Surgical intervention rate (Incidence of cardiovascular re-operation) during the initial hospital stay (number) [during hospital stay (usually up to 4 weeks)]: Surgical intervention rate (Incidence of cardiovascular re-operation) during the initial hospital stay

Secondary outcomes

• Incidence of cardiovascular events (stroke, myocardial infarction) during hospitalization [during hospital stay (usually up to 4 weeks)]: Incidence of cardiovascular events during hospitalization
• Incidence of cardiovascular events (stroke, myocardial infarction) during follow-up [after hospital discharge until follow- up assessment (up to 10 years)]: Incidence of cardiovascular events (stroke, myocardial infarction) during follow-up
• Incidence of cardiovascular re-operation during the follow up [after hospital discharge until follow- up assessment (up to 10 years)]: Incidence of cardiovascular re-operation during the follow up

Sex: All, ages: 18 Years to any

Inclusion Criteria:

* adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery

Exclusion Criteria:

* patients having active or previous endocarditis
* patients whose causative microorganism of postoperative BSI was identical to that isolated from preoperative or intraoperative samples
* patients with common skin colonized microorganisms, such as coagulase-negative Staphylococci, Viridans group Streptococci, Corynebacterium species, Bacillus species, Propionibacterium species, and Aerococcus species or Micrococcus species, which were isolated from only a single blood sample and without evidence of clinical sepsis, because contamination was considered.

• Denis Berdajs, Prof. Dr. med., Principal investigator, Klinik für Herzchirurgie, University Hospital Basel