Bioavailability of EPA + DHA Enriched Canned Tuna and Its Acute Effects

• Meal containing canned tuna + fish oil (5 g EPA + DHA) (Dietary supplement): Meal containing canned tuna + fish oil (5 g EPA + DHA)
• Meal containing canned tuna + soybean oil (Dietary supplement): Meal containing canned tuna + soybean oil

Primary outcomes

• Change in postprandial plasma triglycerides concentrations [Up to 5 hours post-meal.]: Impact on the postprandial levels of triglycerides (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 hours post-meal).
• Change in postprandial plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentrations [Up to 5 hours post-meal.]: Impact on the postprandial levels of LDL cholesterol (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 hours post-meal).
• Change in postprandial plasma total cholesterol concentrations [Up to 5 hours post-meal.]: Impact on the postprandial levels of total cholesterol (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 hours post-meal).

Secondary outcomes

• Change in postprandial blood pressure [Up to 5 hours post-meal.]: Impact on the postprandial levels of blood pressure (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 hours post-meal).
• Change in postprandial plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentrations [Up to 5 hours post-meal.]: Impact on the postprandial levels of HDL cholesterol (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 hours post-meal).
• Change in postprandial plasma eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) concentrations [Up to 5 hours post-meal.]: Impact on the postprandial levels of EPA (0, 2, 4, and 5 hours post-meal).
• Change in postprandial plasma docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) concentrations [Up to 5 hours post-meal.]: Impact on the postprandial levels of DHA (0, 2, 4, and 5 hours post-meal).
• Change in postprandial plasma blood glucose concentrations [Up to 5 hours post-meal.]: Impact on the postprandial levels of blood glucose (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 hours post-meal).
• Change in postprandial plasma insulin concentrations [Up to 5 hour post-meal.]: Impact on the postprandial levels of insulin (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 hours post-meal).
• Change in postprandial plasma Apolipoprotein B-48 (apoB-48) concentrations [Up to 5 hours post-meal.]: Impact on the postprandial levels of ApoB-48 (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 hours post-meal).

Sex: All, ages: 18 Years to 59 Years, accepts healthy volunteers

Inclusion Criteria:

* Adult men or women
* Age 18 - 59 years
* Willing to maintain usual diet and physical activity patterns
* Willing to comply with study protocol and procedures
* Willing to provide written informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

* Pregnant, breastfeeding or planning to become pregnant within the study period
* Subjects with current or previous cardiovascular disease (ischemic cardiovascular disease, angina stable or unstable; myocardial infarction, stroke or symptomatic peripheral arteriosclerosis)
* Subjects with liver or kidney diseases or cancer
* Diabetes mellitus (fasting glycemia> 126 mg / dL)
* Uncontrolled hypertension (systolic blood pressure ≥160 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥100 mmHg)
* Subjects with history of drug, alcohol or other substances abuse, or other factors limiting their ability to cooperate during the study
* Subjetcs with gastrointestinal disorder or under prescription for medication affecting gastrointestinal function or absorption of nutrients
* Known allergy (or sensitivity) to omega-3 fatty acids, fish (tuna), crustaceans, lactose or any meal ingredient
* With antihypertensive therapy
* Health condition that prevents compliance with study requirements
* Subjects under prescription for medication for digestive symptoms such as anti-spasmodic, laxatives and anti-diarrheic drugs or other digestive auxiliaries
* Subjects under prescription of anticoagulant drugs
* Dietary patterns or supplement use that could interfere with study evaluations
* Subjects not willing to avoid the consumption of fish oil or food supplements, including fatty acids, during the study (except as indicated in the study protocol)
* Use of antibiotics in the last 4 weeks and laxatives in the last 2 weeks

• Conceição Calhau, PhD, Principal investigator, CINTESIS, NOVA Medical School
• Luís Azevedo, PhD, Principal investigator, CINTESIS, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto