NANT 2015-02: A Phase 1 Study of Lorlatinib (PF-06463922)

Lorlatinib is a novel inhibitor across ALK variants, including those resistant to crizotinib. An adult phase 1 study established an RP2D of 100mg QD for lorlatinib. In this first pediatric phase 1 trial of lorlatinib, the drug will be utilized as a single agent and in combination with chemotherapy in patients with relapsed/refractory neuroblastoma. The dose escalation phase of this study (Cohort A1) uses a traditional Phase I 3+3 design. Once a recommended phase 2 pediatric dose is identified, an expansion cohort of 6 patients (Cohort B1), within which ALKi naïve patients will be prioritized, will be initiated. Parallel cohorts will be initiated in adults or patients with large BSA (Cohort A2) and in combination with chemotherapy upon establishing RP2D (Cohort B2).

Lorlatinib will be administered orally via tablets or via oral dispersion if patient is unable to swallow tablets whole

All patients will participate in mandatory pharmacokinetic testing.

• Lorlatinib (Drug), also known as PF06463922: Lorlatinib will be given orally once daily continuously in 28-day cycles. Lorlatinib will be provided as 5 mg or 25 mg tablets.
• Cyclophosphamide (Drug), also known as Cytoxan: Cyclophosphamide 250mg/m2/day will be administered as a 30 minute IV infusion on days 1-5 of each cycle
• Topotecan (Drug), also known as SKF-104864,Hycamtin®: Topotecan 0.75mg/m2/day will be administered as a 30 minute IV infusion immediately following cyclophosphamide on days 1-5 of each cycle
• Filgrastim/pegfilgrastim (Drug): Filgrastim is to be given with each course beginning 24-48 hours following completion of cyclophosphamide and topotecan and continued through post-nadir count recovery with an ANC > 2000/mm\^3 at 5mcg/kg/day. Filgrastim must be discontinued at least 24 hours prior to the start of the next course of therapy. Pegfilgrastim (100mcg/kg; 6mg maximum dose) may be substituted and is given one time at 24-48 hours from completion of cyclophosphamide and topotecan.

Primary outcomes

• MTD/RP2D Determination A1 [All toxicities from enrollment until completion of course 2 (Day 56)]: Proportion of patients with course 1 DLT and/or course 2 neuropsychological DLT in cohort A1
• MTD/RP2D Determination A2 [All toxicities from enrollment until completion of course 2 (Day 56)]: Proportion of patients with course 1 DLT and/or course 2 neuropsychological DLT in cohort A2
• MTD/RP2D Determination B2 [All toxicities from enrollment until completion of course 1 (Day 28)]: Proportion of patients with course 1 DLT in cohort B2
• Describe Non-Hematological Toxicities (A1 and B1) [All toxicities from enrollment through 30 days following end of protocol therapy, an average of 10 months]: Proportion of patients with any grade 3 or greater non-hematological toxicities on any course in A1 and B1
• Describe Hematological Toxicities (A1 and B1) [All toxicities from enrollment through 30 days following end of protocol therapy, an average of 10 months]: Proportion of patients with any grade 3 or greater hematological toxicities on any course in A1 and B1
• Describe Non-Hematological Toxicities (A2) [All toxicities from enrollment through 30 days following end of protocol therapy, an average of 10 months]: Proportion of patients with any grade 3 or greater non-hematological toxicities in A2
• Describe Hematological Toxicities (A2) [All toxicities from enrollment through 30 days following end of protocol therapy, an average of 10 months]: Proportion of patients with any grade 3 or greater hematological toxicities in A2
• Describe Non-Hematological Toxicities (B2) [All toxicities from enrollment through 30 days following end of protocol therapy, an average of 10 months]: Proportion of patients with any grade 3 or greater non-hematological toxicities in B2
• Describe Hematological Toxicities (B2) [All toxicities from enrollment through 30 days following end of protocol therapy, an average of 10 months]: Proportion of patients with any grade 3 or greater hematological toxicities in B2

Secondary outcomes

• Pharmacokinetics A1 and B1-Steady State AUC [Day 1 through Day 15 (0, 1, 2, 24, 360, 361, 362, 364, 366 hours post-initial dose)]: Steady State AUC for lorlatinib in patients in cohort A1 and B1
• Pharmacokinetics A2-Steady State AUC [Day 1 through Day 15 (0, 1, 2, 24, 360, 361, 362, 364, 366 hours post-initial dose)]: Steady State AUC for lorlatinib in patients in cohort A2
• Pharmacokinetics B2-Steady State AUC [Day 1 through Day 15 (0, 1, 2, 24, 360, 361, 362, 364, 366 hours post-initial dose)]: Steady State AUC for lorlatinib in patients in cohort B2
• Overall Response A1 and B1 [From Day 1 of protocol therapy through 30 days following end of protocol therapy, an average of 10 months]: Proportion of patients evaluable for response with a best overall response of CR/CR-MD/PR for patients in cohort A1 and B1
• Overall Response A2 [From Day 1 of protocol therapy through 30 days following end of protocol therapy, an average of 10 months]: Proportion of patients evaluable for response with a best overall response of CR/CR-MD/PR for patients in cohort A2
• Overall Response B2 [From Day 1 of protocol therapy through 30 days following end of protocol therapy, an average of 10 months]: Proportion of patients evaluable for response with a best overall response of CR/CR-MD/PR for patients in cohort B2
• Pharmacokinetics A1 and B1-Cmax [Day 15]: Cmax for lorlatinib in patients in cohort A1 and B1
• Pharmacokinetics A2-Cmax [Day 15]: Cmax for lorlatinib in patients in cohort A2
• Pharmacokinetics B2-Cmax [Day 15]: Cmax for lorlatinib in patients in cohort B2

Sex: All, ages: 1 Year to 99 Years

Inclusion Criteria:

1\) Patients are required to have an activating ALK aberration in their tumor detected by certified assay (i.e. CLIA in the US.) prior to registration. The report from this test is required to be submitted for eligibility. Patients with at least one of the following genetic features in their tumor will be considered to have an activating ALK aberration:

1\. An ALK activating mutation; 2. ALK amplification (> 10 signals of the ALK gene); 3. Presence of any ALK fusion protein that arises from a chromosomal translocation 2) Patients must have a diagnosis of neuroblastoma either by histologic verification of neuroblastoma and/or demonstration of tumor cells in the bone marrow with increased urinary catecholamines.

3\) Patients must have a history of high-risk neuroblastoma according to COG risk classification at the time of study registration. Patients who were initially considered low or intermediate-risk, but then reclassified as high-risk are also eligible.

4\) All patients must have at least one of the following

a) Recurrent/progressive disease: after the diagnosis of high risk neuroblastoma at any time prior to enrollment regardless of response to frontline therapy b) No prior history of recurrent/progressive disease since the diagnosis of high risk neuroblastoma b1) Refractory disease- a best overall response of no response/stable disease since diagnosis of high risk neuroblastoma and at least 4 cycles of induction therapy. No prior history of recurrent/progressive disease since the diagnosis of high risk neuroblastoma.

b2) Persistent disease- a best overall response of no partial response since diagnosis of high risk neuroblastoma and at least 4 cycles of induction therapy. No prior history of recurrent/progressive disease since the diagnosis of high risk neuroblastoma.

5\) Patients must have at least ONE of the following (lesions may have received prior radiation therapy as long as they meet the other criteria listed below):

1. For recurrent/progressive or refractory disease, at least one MIBG avid bone site.
2. For persistent disease, if a patient has 3 or more MIBG avid lesions, then no biopsy is required. If a patients has only 1 or 2 MIBG avid bone lesion sites then biopsy confirmation of neuroblastoma or ganglioneuroblastoma in at least one MIBG avid site present at the time of enrollment is required to be obtained at any time point prior to enrollment.
3. For MIBG non-avid tumors, patients must have at least one FDG avid site and a biopsy confirmation of neuroblastoma and/or ganglioneuroblastoma at any time prior to enrollment from at least one FDG-avid site.

   6\) Any amount of neuroblastoma tumor cells in the bone marrow done at the time of study enrollment based on routine morphology with or without immunocytochemistry in at least one sample from bilateral aspirates and biopsies.

   7\) At least one soft tissue lesion that meets criteria for a TARGET lesion as defined by:

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1. SIZE: Lesion can be accurately measured in at least one dimension with a longest diameter ≥ 10 mm, or for lymph nodes ≥ 15 mm on short axis. Lesions meeting size criteria will be considered measurable.
2. In addition to size, a lesion needs to meet one of the following criteria except for patients with parenchymal CNS lesions which only need to meet size criteria:

   b1) MIBG avid. For patients with recurrent/progressive or refractory disease, no biopsy is required. For patients with persistent disease only: If a patient has only 1 or 2 MIBG avid lesions sites, then biopsy confirmation of neuroblastoma and/or ganglioneuroblastoma in at least one MIBG avid site present at time of enrollment is required to be obtained. If a patient has 3 or more MIBG avid lesions, then no biopsy is required.

   b2) MIBG non avid tumors: Patients must have at least one FDG avid site and biopsy confirmation of neuroblastoma and/or ganglioneuroblastoma in at least one FDG-PET avid site present at the time of enrollment.

   8\) At least one non-target soft tissue lesion that is not measurable, but had a biopsy positive for neuroblastoma and/or ganglioneuroblastoma or is MIBG avid at any time prior to enrollment.

   9\) Patients must have a life expectancy of at least 12 weeks and a Lansky (≤16 years) or Karnofsky (>16 years) score of at least 50.

   10\) Prior Therapy
   1. Patients must have fully recovered from the acute toxic effects of all prior chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or radiotherapy prior to study registration.
   2. Patients must not have received the therapies indicated below after disease evaluation or within the specified time period prior to registration on this study as follows:

   1\. Myelosuppressive chemotherapy: must not have received within 2 weeks prior to registration.

   2\. Biologic anti-neoplastics- agents not known to be associated with reduced platelet or ANC counts (including retinoids): must not have received within 7 days prior to registration.

   3\. Monoclonal antibodies: must have received last dose at least 7 days or 3 half-lives whichever is longer, but no longer than 30 days (with recovery of any associated toxicities), prior to protocol therapy.

   4\. Cellular Therapy (e.g. modified T cells, NK cells, dentritic cells etc.): must not have received within 3 weeks and resolution of all toxicities.

   5\. Radiation: must not have received small port radiation within 7 days prior to registration.

   6\. Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant: 7. IVIG 11) All patients must have adequate organ function defined as:

   \- Hematological Function:

   1\. Absolute Phagocyte count (APC= neutrophils and monocytes): ≥ 1000/µL

   2\. Absolute Neutrophil count: ≥750/µL

   3\. Absolute Lymphocyte count ≥ 500/µL

   4\. Platelet count: ≥ 50,000/µL (A1, A2, and B1); ≥ 75,000/µL (B2), transfusion independent (no platelet transfusions within 1 week)

   5\. Hemoglobin ≥ 10 g/dL (may transfuse)

   6\. Patients with known bone marrow metastatic disease will be eligible for study as long as they meet hematologic function criteria above.

   \- Renal Function: Age-adjusted serum creatinine ≤ to 1.5 x normal for age/gender OR creatinine clearance or GFR greater than or equal to 60 cc/min/1.73m2

   \- Liver Function: Total bilirubin ≤ 1.5 x normal for age, AND SGPT (ALT) 135 and SGOT (AST) ≤ 3 x upper limit of normal. Sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS) if present, must be stable or improving clinically

   \- Cardiac Function: Normal ejection fraction documented by either echocardiogram or radionuclide MUGA evaluation OR Normal fractional shortening documented by echocardiogram

   \- Pulmonary Function: No dyspnea at rest, no oxygen requirement.
   * Neuropsychological Function: Patients must exhibit ≤ grade 1 as defined by CTCAE V4 of nervous system disorders and psychiatric disorders 12) Reproductive Status: All post-menarchal females must have a negative beta-HCG. Males and females of reproductive age and childbearing potential must use effective contraception for the duration of their participation.

     13\) Patients with other ongoing serious medical issues must be approved by the study chair prior to registration.

     14\) Prior ALK inhibitor treatment- patients must not have been previously treated with lorlatinib. Prior therapy with other ALK inhibitors is allowed.

     15\) Concomitant Therapy Restrictions:
     1. Patients may not receive any other anti-cancer agents or radiotherapy while on protocol therapy.
     2. Patient must not be receiving chronic systemic corticosteroids at doses greater than physiologic dosing (inhaled corticosteroids acceptable)
     3. CYP34A inhibitors
     4. CYP34A inducers
     5. CYP34A substrates

   Exclusion Criteria:

   \- Pregnancy, breast feeding, or unwillingness to use effective contraception during the study.
   * Patients who, in the opinion of the investigator, may not be able to comply with the safety monitoring requirements of the study.
   * Patients with disease of any major organ system that would compromise their ability to withstand therapy.
   * Patients who have received prior allogeneic stem cell transplant
   * Patients who are on hemodialysis.
   * Patients with an active or uncontrolled infection.
   * Known history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, hepatitis B, or hepatitis C.
   * Patient with known history of acute or chronic severe psychiatric disorders
   * Patient with current history of suicidal ideation and history of suicide attempt in their lifetime
   * Patient declines participation in NANT 2004-05, the NANT Biology Study

Participant flow

Outcome results

• MTD/RP2D Determination A1 (Primary), Count of participants, Participants: Cohort A1 DL1 0; Cohort A1 DL2 0; Cohort A1 DL3 0; Cohort A1 DL4 0; Cohort A1 DL5 1
• MTD/RP2D Determination A2 (Primary), Count of participants, Participants: Cohort A2 DL 3A 0; Cohort A2 DL4A 1; Cohort A2 DL4A Expansion 2
• MTD/RP2D Determination B2 (Primary), Count of participants, Participants: Cohort B2 DL4B 0; Cohort B2 DL5B 1; Cohort B2 DL3A 0; Cohort B2 DL4A 0
• Describe Non-Hematological Toxicities (A1 and B1) (Primary), Count of participants, Participants: Cohort A1 DL1 3; Cohort A1 DL2 2; Cohort A1 DL3 1; Cohort A1 DL4 5; Cohort A1 DL5 6; Cohort B1 DL5 4
• Describe Hematological Toxicities (A1 and B1) (Primary), Count of participants, Participants: Cohort A1 DL1 0; Cohort A1 DL2 0; Cohort A1 DL3 0; Cohort A1 DL4 5; Cohort A1 DL5 2; Cohort B1 DL5 1
• Describe Non-Hematological Toxicities (A2) (Primary), Count of participants, Participants: Cohort A2 DL 3A 6; Cohort A2 DL4A 4; Cohort A2 DL4A Expansion 2
• Describe Hematological Toxicities (A2) (Primary), Count of participants, Participants: Cohort A2 DL 3A 3; Cohort A2 DL4A 1; Cohort A2 DL4A Expansion 0
• Describe Non-Hematological Toxicities (B2) (Primary), Count of participants, Participants: Cohort B2 DL4B 3; Cohort B2 DL5B 12; Cohort B2 DL3A 1; Cohort B2 DL4A 1
• Describe Hematological Toxicities (B2) (Primary), Count of participants, Participants: Cohort B2 DL4B 3; Cohort B2 DL5B 12; Cohort B2 DL3A 1; Cohort B2 DL4A 1
• Pharmacokinetics A1 and B1-Steady State AUC (Secondary), Median, hours*ng/mL: Cohort A1 DL1 1872 (1074.93 to 2669.08); Cohort A1 DL2 2663.49 (2663.49 to 2663.49); Cohort A1 DL3 2084.81 (2084.81 to 2084.81); Cohort A1 DL4 7431.06 (3021.81 to 8906.31); Cohort A1 DL5 5655.05 (4724.92 to 10910.87); Cohort B1 DL5 NA (NA to NA)
• Pharmacokinetics A2-Steady State AUC (Secondary), Median, hours*ng/mL: Cohort A2 DL 3A 9217.85 (7267.6 to 11168.1); Cohort A2 DL4A 4492.92 (3993.55 to 5139); Cohort A2 DL4A Expansion 5383.5 (4629.88 to 5747.95)
• Pharmacokinetics B2-Steady State AUC (Secondary), Median, hours*ng/mL: Cohort B2 DL4B NA (NA to NA); Cohort B2 DL5B 6310.38 (4695.62 to 14106.75); Cohort B2 DL3A NA (NA to NA); Cohort B2 DL4A 7594.16 (7594.16 to 7594.16)
• Overall Response A1 and B1 (Secondary), Count of participants, Participants: Cohort A1 DL1 1; Cohort A1 DL2 0; Cohort A1 DL3 0; Cohort A1 DL4 0; Cohort A1 DL5 2; Cohort B1 DL5 2
• Overall Response A2 (Secondary), Count of participants, Participants: Cohort A2 DL 3A 2; Cohort A2 DL4A 3; Cohort A2 DL4A Expansion 2
• Overall Response B2 (Secondary), Count of participants, Participants: Cohort B2 DL4B 1; Cohort B2 DL5B 5; Cohort B2 DL3A 1; Cohort B2 DL4A 1
• Pharmacokinetics A1 and B1-Cmax (Secondary), Median, ng/mL: Cohort A1 DL1 287 (243 to 639); Cohort A1 DL2 558 (343 to 623); Cohort A1 DL3 659 (609 to 670); Cohort A1 DL4 1100 (590 to 1880); Cohort A1 DL5 1280 (708 to 2090); Cohort B1 DL5 1800 (1800 to 1800)
• Pharmacokinetics A2-Cmax (Secondary), Median, ng/mL: Cohort A2 DL 3A 569 (341 to 1830); Cohort A2 DL4A 710 (502 to 912); Cohort A2 DL4A Expansion 878.5 (602 to 1100)
• Pharmacokinetics B2-Cmax (Secondary), Median, ng/mL: Cohort B2 DL4B 823.5 (721 to 926); Cohort B2 DL5B 1440 (83 to 3340); Cohort B2 DL3A 526 (526 to 526); Cohort B2 DL4A 1490 (1490 to 1490)

Adverse events

Time frame: Timeframe from enrollment through 30 days following end of protocol therapy, an average of 10 months

Serious adverse events by term

Other adverse events by term

164 more terms not shown.

• Results publication: Goldsmith KC, Park JR, Kayser K, Malvar J, Chi YY, Groshen SG, Villablanca JG, Krytska K, Lai LM, Acharya PT, Goodarzian F, Pawel B, Shimada H, Ghazarian S, States L, Marshall L, Chesler L, Granger M, Desai AV, Mody R, Morgenstern DA, Shusterman S, Macy ME, Pinto N, Schleiermacher G, Vo K, Thurm HC, Chen J, Liyanage M, Peltz G, Matthay KK, Berko ER, Maris JM, Marachelian A, Mosse YP. Lorlatinib with or without chemotherapy in ALK-driven refractory/relapsed neuroblastoma: phase 1 trial results. Nat Med. 2023 May;29(5):1092-1102. doi: 10.1038/s41591-023-02297-5. Epub 2023 Apr 3. PMID 37012551
• Results publication: Baranowska-Kortylewicz J, Kortylewicz ZP, McIntyre EM, Sharp JG, Coulter DW. Multifarious Functions of Butyrylcholinesterase in Neuroblastoma: Impact of BCHE Deletion on the Neuroblastoma Growth In Vitro and In Vivo. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2022 Aug 1;44(6):293-304. doi: 10.1097/MPH.0000000000002285. Epub 2021 Sep 6. PMID 34486544

• Study Protocol, Statistical Analysis Plan, and Informed Consent Form (PDF, 2022-05-06)

• Yael Mosse, MD, Study chair, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia